Detection of cytochrome P450 substrates by using a small-molecule droplet array on an NADH-immobilized solid surface

Seeing below the surface: A small-molecule droplet array platform on an NADH-immobilized solid surface and a biotinylated acetophenone derivative were developed to identify the substrate candidates for soluble P450 enzymes of interest. This methodology is thought to be easily applicable to other class I P450 systems, including those that use NADPH as cofactor.     

Wear Behavior of Al-Si Alloy Impregnated Graphite Composite

Pin-on-disk type unidirectional sliding wear experiments for an Al-Si alloy impregnated graphite composite (pin) in contact with a bearing steel (disk) were conducted at various contact loads in wet and dry air to investigate the wear behaviors in detail. The pin-lifting phenomena of the composite as observed. The height was constant at lower loads and increased with load. The entrance of wear particles into the contacting surfaces brought about the pin lifting. Mixtures of graphite powder and wear particles adhered to the sliding surface of the bearing steel, resulting in the formation of wide, compacted surface films. The mean thickness of the films increased with load to a few micrometers. The composite exhibited better wear resistance than the matrices in wet air and the wear rate decreased especially at high loads. The wide, compacted films together with the pin-lifting phenomena prevent metal-to-metal contact, achieving a good anti-wear condition. On the other hand, the surface films that adhere in a scaled fashion in dry air have little wear reduction effect.     

自适应量化编码的研究

本文详细地讨论了信源编码的原理,介绍了最优量化的方法以及自适应量化编码的原理。本文还给出一个自适应量化编码的实例。     

一种多视极化SAR广义K-分布的研究

本文提出一种极化合成孔径雷达(SAR)广义K-分布模型用于描述经多视处理的、高分辨率的全极化SAR成像数据的统计特性,其特点是各极化通道的纹理为部分相关的gamma分布.利用纹理与相干斑乘性模型,首先导出了部分相关纹理的联合概率密度函数和多视广义极化SARK-分布概率密度函数;然后给出了基于联合矩的分布参数估计方法;最后利用真实SAR数据进行了模型的试验.     

Flexible media — recent developments from the tribology point of view

With the increase in the recording density of hard disk systems, the demand on the increase in the data recording capacity of tape drive systems as back-up systems is increasing. One of the advantages of the tape drive systems is high volumetric recording density, which is obtained by high areal recording density and thin tapes. The areal recording density can be increased by introducing high performance tapes, such as metal evaporated tapes, with superior magnetic characteristics and smooth magnetic surface to reduce the spacing loss. However, a smoother surface often produces a higher friction coefficient, which could cause tape damage by rotary heads and unstable tape runnability in the tape drives. Adoption of MR heads to tape drive systems is also effective in increasing the areal recording density. However, the wear allowance of the MR heads (shield type) is much smaller than that of the inductive heads. Thinner tapes show lower mechanical stiffness in general, which could cause damage to tape edges easily during tape transportation. In the second or later generation of tape drive systems, a thinner tape is often introduced. These thinner tapes should also have the interchangeability of the original thickness tape. New materials for a base film, such as PEN (polyethylene naphthalate) or aramid in which the elastic moduli are larger than those of PET, are required for thinner tapes. It was found that these side effects by the increase in the volumetric recording density can be improved by tribology. The tribological improvements from the drive design side is very important, as well as from the tape design side.     

Reliability of ultrasonographic measurements of bovine sole structures in relation to sole horn thickness,measured by computed tomography,and sole horn hardness

The goal of the present study was to determine the effect of sole horn thickness (SHT) and sole horn hardness (SHD) on ultrasonographic visualization of sole structures in the inner and outer claws of 150 Holstein-Friesian cows, and to evaluate different ultrasound frequencies for this purpose. Ultrasonographic views of the sole structure were considered complete when 3 echogenic lines, representing the ventral surface of the sole horn, the borders of the sole horn and soft-tissue layer, and the ventral surface of the distal phalanx, were seen. The proportion of complete ultrasonographic views of the sole structures, designated as the ultrasonographic visualization proportion (UVP), and the measurement errors of SHT were evaluated by comparing images from computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography. The latter images were generated using 3 different probes, frequencies of 6.5 and 5.0 MHz, and 2 different ultrasound machines (#1 and #2) to assess the apex, middle, and heel regions of the claws. The UVP were 60.8 to 77.9% for the 6.5-MHz probe in ultrasound machine #1 (probe A), which were lower than those (>90%) for both the 5.0-MHz probe in ultrasound machine #1 (probe B) and the 5.0-MHz probe in ultrasound machine #2 (probe C). The UVP was significantly lower in claws with an SHD ≥50 units than in claws with an SHD <40 or 40 to <50 units (UVP: 77.1% compared with 93.7 and 91.4%, respectively) when measured with probe B. In claws with an SHT <10 mm, the UVP was significantly lower when SHD was ≥50 units compared with <40 or 40 to >50 units; the values were 69.0% versus 91.3 and 85.9%, respectively, for probe A, and 89.7% versus 100 and 100%, respectively, for probe B. When SHT were measured by either probes A or B in ultrasound machine #1, the proportions of claws in which ultrasonographic values were within a ±1 mm range compared with the values obtained by CT were 84.9 to 91.3% for CT-determined SHT <5 mm, 66.7 to 71.9% for CT-determined SHT 5 to <7 mm, 28.9 to 51.2% for CT-determined SHT 7 to <10 mm, and 6.2 to 19.7% for CT-determined SHT ≥10 mm. The data indicated that increased SHT was associated with a decrease in ultrasonographic measurement accuracy. In claws with an SHT <5 mm, the high proportion of ultrasonographic values that were accurate within a ±1 mm range suggests that this imaging modality would be useful in cows with thin soles.     

Cost-Reliability Optimal Release Policies for Software Systems

This paper extends an optimal software release problem to both cost and reliability requirements. The optimum software release time is determined both by minimizing a total average software cost and satisfying a software reliability requirement. The underlying model is software reliability growth described by a nonhomogeneous Poisson process.     

第三代移动通信系统的一种多址访问协议——分组预约多址协议

论文介绍未来第三代移动通信系统可能采用的多址访问协议——分组预约多址协议(PRMA),包括PRMA协议的适用范围、内容及研究状况。     

A note on optimum checkpointing policies

In this paper, we treat checkpointing policies. We derive the total expected loss time and obtain the optimum checkpointing policy which minimizes that expected loss time. We further present the numerical examples using the exponential and the Weibull distributions. First, we discuss the model in which the intervals between checkpointing completion times may vary, and secondly the model with constant intervals.