Synthesis of planar inductors in low temperature co-fired ceramic technology

A simple bisection algorithm for the synthesis of planar inductors using a fast electromagnetic analysis algorithm is presented in this work. Both bisection and electromagnetic analysis algorithms are based on a set of heuristic and physical rules obtained from the study of the electromagnetic behavior of these planar devices. With this procedure, the benefits are two fold: (i) the number of iterations is kept moderately low in the synthesis loop, and (ii) the analysis at each iteration step is speed up without compromising accuracy. The algorithm is applied to the development of an inductor library for a low temperature co-fired ceramic process technology.     

Bifunctional Squaramide Catalysts with the Same Absolute Chirality for the Diastereodivergent Access to Densely Functionalised Cyclohexanes through Enantioselective Domino Reactions. Synthesis and Mechanistic Studies

We have developed a procedure for the stereoselective and diastereodivergent synthesis of densely functionalised cyclohexanes containing four stereocentres through an asymmetric Michael‐initiated ring closure (MIRC) cascade reaction employing hydrogen‐bond catalysis, which is able to prepare adducts with different absolute configurations starting from the same starting materials. The overall process involves a highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective Michael/Henry cascade reaction between a wide range of nitroalkenes and α‐nitro‐δ‐oxo esters, allowing access to different diastereoisomers of the final adduct by introducing subtle changes in the general (R,R)‐configured bifunctional tertiary amine/squaramide catalyst structure. Moreover, this methodology is also amenable to a three‐component one‐pot procedure, leading to the formation of the same adducts with very good results directly from commercially available reagents, on a multigram scale, and employing a very low catalyst loading. Furthermore, a detailed experimental and computational study is described which shows the origin of the diastereodivergent behaviour of these structurally similar catalysts and the nature of the substrate–catalyst interaction.

     

Electrochemical nucleation and growth of poly-N-Methylpyrrole on copper

The potentiostatic electropolymerization of poly-N-Methylpyrrole on Cu at 1.5 V, 2.0 V and 2.5 V vs saturated calomel electrode potentials has been carried out to establish the successive steps of polymer coating generation. The chronoamperograms obtained allow the different steps of the nucleation and growth mechanism to be analyzed by fitting the experimental data to the mathematical equations established in the electrocrystallization theory. In all cases a mechanism consisting of a two-dimensional growth at short time followed by a three-dimensional diffusion controlled growth and at longer times a subsequent two-dimensional growth mechanism, with progressive nucleation, is suggested. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs support this mechanism.     

New technology in diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the pleural space

Recent developments in video camera technology, new instruments, and advanced surgical techniques have increased the importance of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Currently, VATS offers a new approach in the diagnosis and treatment of many thoracic conditions previously treated only by standard thoracotomy. In our experience, VATS is a safe, reliable, and effective alternative to thoracic surgery. With further improvements and refinements in video imaging and endoscopic instruments, more procedures will be technically feasible. The long-term results of VATS compared to open thoracotomy will require extensive follow up and prospective trials to determine its true value.     

Incidental finding of occult hydronephrosis after blunt abdominal trauma

Occult congenital and acquired renal lesions are often discovered during evaluation of patients with haematuria after minor blunt torso trauma. This relatively 'minor trauma', can precipitate severe haematuria and hypovolemic shock. This group of patients frequently presents a difficult diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. We discuss the significance of occult hydronephrosis and minor blunt trauma in one patient.     

Relation between the fraction ejection and the shortening of the transverse diameter of the left ventricle

By reviewing the syndromic manifestation, transsexualism in characterized as a psychiatric entity, apart from homossexualism and transvestism. The two main feasible etiologic causes of transsexualism are discussed: the psychoanalytical hypothesis based upon psycossexual regression with imprinting of maternal figure and the neuroendocrine model which assumes alterations of the gender role identity centers in the hypothalamus. On the grounds of the latter explanation and after the scheme that seems to occure in the Morris syndrome whose cells (XY) do not respond to the masculinizing effect of plasma testosterone, it is proposed that transsexuals should possess detectable or cryptic sex-chromosome mosaicism affecting hypothalamic centers of gender role identity which do not respond to the androgenic secretion produced by primitive gonad. This possibliity explains the excessive prevalence of the syndrome among men, its typical features in the male as well as its sporadic occurrence. Cytogenetic investigation reveals that the frequency (32%) of sex-chromosome mosaicism among 25 transsexuals and 40 normal control people, both groups presenting the proportion of the mosaicism practically null. The karyotypic criterion as a valuable aid in the syndrome diagnosis is considered.     

Multicomponent internal recalibration of an LC-FTICR-MS analysis employing a partially characterized complex peptide mixture: systematic and random errors

In high-throughput proteomics, a promising current approach is the use of liquid chromatography coupled to Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (LC-FTICR-MS) of tryptic peptides from complex mixtures of proteins. To apply this method, it is necessary to account for any systematic measurement error, and it is useful to have an estimate of the random error expected in the measured masses. Here, we analyze by LC-FTICR-MS a complex mixture of peptides derived from a sample previously characterized by LC-QTOF-MS. Application of a Bayesian probability model of the data and partial knowledge of the composition of the sample suffice to estimate both the systematic and random errors in measured masses.     

Design of water-soluble, thiol-reactive polymers of controlled molecular weight: a novel multivalent scaffold

Multivalent molecules, i.e.?scaffolds presenting multiple copies of a suitable ligand, constitute an emerging class of nanoscale therapeutics. We present a novel approach for the design of multivalent ligands, which allows the biofunctionalization of polymers with proteins or peptides in a controlled orientation. It consists of the synthesis of water-soluble, activated polymer scaffolds of controlled molecular weight, which can be biofunctionalized with various thiolated ligands in aqueous media under mild conditions. These polymers were synthesized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and further modified to make them water-soluble. The incorporation of chloride groups activated the polymers to react with thiol-containing peptides or proteins, and the formation of multivalent ligands in aqueous media was demonstrated. This strategy represents a convenient route for synthesizing multivalent ligands of controlled dimensions and valency.