基于课程分类的高职教学质量评价问题研究

课程教学质量是人才培养质量的保障,而课程教学质量评价则事关教学改革和人才培养模式改革,并直接影响教师业务水平、教学积极性的提高。针对目前高等职业院校的发展方向和现有课程教学质量评价存在的问题,提出基于课程分类的教学质量评价思想,并指出教学质量评价体系的构建原则和实施原则,以期为基于课程分类的教学质量评价体系构建提供参考和借鉴。     

基于地震波形聚类储集砂体边界识别与预测

板桥斜坡BS37区块沙一下段储集砂体具有单层厚度薄、横向变化快的特点,传统的单属性地震储层预测精度低,识别难度大。通过典型井的测井响应与地震响应相结合,应用地震波形聚类技术能准确预测砂体分布。研究认为,BS37区块含油气砂体地震反射特征可划分为丘状反射型、平直反射型、下切反射型等类型。针对含油气砂岩反射特征精确标定井震关系,提取样本子波,应用约束条件下神经网络算法对研究区目的层地震波形进行相似性迭代聚类分析,有效地识别出主河道、河道侧翼等不同叠合模式砂体边界,为钻探部署提供了决策依据。     

Overall efficiency optimization of controllable mechanical turbo-compounding system for heavy duty diesel engines

A controllable mechanical turbo-compounding (CMTC) system including continuously variable transmission (CVT) and power turbine bypass valve is proposed to recover waste heat from engine exhaust. The combined matching principle considering swallowing capacity of both charging turbine and power turbine, main gear ratio is investigated at first based on the analysis of individual influence. Then the effects and strategies of CVT and power turbine bypass valve are studied for better performance under off-design conditions. At last, the transient response of intake pressure of engine with CMTC system is researched and the fuel saving potential is tested under driving cycle conditions. The results indicate that the overall fuel efficiency elevates at the off-design conditions if CVT is adopted due to the improvement of power turbine operating efficiency by speed modulation. The diversion of exhaust through power turbine bypass valve under the low load condition is necessary. The back pressure of the charging turbine infuences the transient response of intake pressure for a fixed CMTC configuration. A method featured by the assistance of power turbine bypass valve is tested to improve the transient response of the intake pressure. The fuel consumption reduces by 2% and 3.4% under highway fuel economy test (HWFET) and Tianjin 503 (TJ503) driving cycles respectively.     

有高温相变的电工钢热轧起浪的有限元分析

针对电工钢自由规程轧制过程起浪问题,开展电工钢不同冷却条件下的连续冷却相变转变温度分析测定和Gleeble热模拟实验,发现电工钢在975~875℃的奥氏体-铁素体两相区,随着轧制温度降低,变形抗力反而减小;电工钢大量同宽自由规程轧制下的工作辊出现严重的不均匀的箱型磨损和明显的热胀,综合辊形变化显著.考虑电工钢两相区变形抗力差异和综合辊形变化,建立电工钢热轧过程轧辊轧件的三维弹塑性耦合有限元模型,仿真分析轧制力、弯辊与窜辊对承载辊缝形状的影响,研究摩擦系数、压下量与轧制速度对带钢宽度方向内应力变化规律的影响,采用Shohet板形判据确定电工钢比例凸度残差变化路径,明确电工钢在"平坦死区"较大的上游机架出现"异常起浪"的生成过程.该方法为电工钢热轧板形的浪形控制提供了依据.     

水平弹性支撑抛物线拱在均布荷载与热载荷作用下的屈曲特性

分析了水平弹性支撑抛物线拱在均布荷载与热负荷共同作用下的屈曲特性,通过变分原理推导了弹性支撑抛物线拱的非线性平衡方程,得到了外荷载与径向位移和轴力的关系,用数值法分析了弹性支撑抛物线拱在均布荷载与热负荷共同作用下屈曲特性。     

西安市城市热岛环境动态演化规律研究

选择全国重要的加工业及旅游热点城市西安市作为研究对象,借助RS、GIS等空间信息分析工具,采用西安市2000年、2007年、2014年3个时相的遥感数据反演地表温度,对地表温度进行归一化处理,根据城市热岛分布特点,分析了城市化进程中城市热岛的变化特征.研究表明:随着建设用地的扩张,热岛区域面积逐渐增加并由城市中心向外围延伸,而绿岛区分布在秦岭附近的自然景区、山林水体区域,说明绿色植被及水域有明显的降温作用.     

八面河油田热采汽窜治理对策

八面河稠油Ⅱ类油藏进入多轮次热采以后,汽窜现象逐渐增多,热采开发效果逐渐变差。分析认为汽窜的发生主要与井距小、油层厚度薄及油藏非均质性有关,要治理汽窜就要采取错位运行,减少汽窜的发生;利用两井、多井组合注汽,建立地层压力场、温度场,减少热损失,提高蒸汽利用率;采用高温化学剂封堵汽窜通道,提高波及系数。     

干挖法清淤对湖区垸内沟渠地表水环境质量的影响

干挖法清淤是改善湖区垸内沟渠地表水环境质量的重要手段,本文通过现场调研与采样分析了南汉垸内沟渠在清淤前后的地表水水质及其变化特征,评价了沟渠地表水环境容量及其富营养化水平.结果表明:1)沟渠采用干挖法清淤后,地表水质随清淤完成时间延长而变差;2)沟渠高锰酸盐指数的水环境容量由清淤前的13.99t/m增加到清淤一个月后的38.88t/m;而总氮、总磷的水环境容量分别增加了2.8倍和2.7倍;3)清淤前垸内沟渠地表水养殖及排污区达到重度富营养化程度,清淤后∑TLI值随清淤完成时间增加呈增加趋势.南汉垸内农业面源与养殖排污的外源输入是导致清淤后水环境质量变差的主要原因,有必要加强监测并定期清淤.本研究可为沟渠清淤治理中的水环境保护提供依据.     

Consumer‐diet discrimination of δ13C and δ15N: Source‐ and feeding‐oriented patterns based on gut content analysis in a large subtropical river of China

Understanding the trophic discrimination (?¹³C and ?¹⁵N) between consumers and diets in fluvial systems remains difficult because of the variable food sources and complex predator–prey interactions from headwaters to the estuaries. Here, stable carbon (δ¹³C) and nitrogen (δ¹⁵N) isotopes in fish and invertebrates from a large subtropical river in southern China were determined to explore trophic discrimination in conjunction with a gut content analysis. The ?¹³C values showed significant differences (p < .05) among functional feeding groups, with fish, shrimp, and insect scrapers presenting higher ?¹³C values (1.20 ± 0.23‰ to 1.51 ± 0.31‰) than other groups. The ?¹⁵N values varied significantly between invertebrates (0.64 ± 0.17‰ of insect collector‐gatherers to 1.63 ± 0.36‰ of shrimp predators) and fish (1.98 ± 0.19‰ of detritivores to 2.71 ± 0.43‰ of crustaceavores) and exhibited an increasing tendency from primary to secondary consumers. A linear regression analysis revealed that the longitudinal changes in ?¹³C and ?¹⁵N were closely associated with the δ¹³C of periphyton, the δ¹⁵N of particulate organic matter (POM) in water, and the relative contribution (%) of periphyton and organic detritus to the diet composition of consumers. These results indicated that discrimination factors might not only be influenced by the isotope signatures of basal food sources but also downstream shifts in dominant food items utilized by consumers. In particular, trophic discrimination between periphyton– and detritus–based food chains, such as “epilithic diatoms–shrimp scrapers–crustaceavorous fish” and “POM–bivalves–molluscivorous fish,” displayed regionally specific patterns. When back‐calculating to the diet assimilation and trophic position in subtropical streams and rivers, we suggest using the basin‐scale ?¹³C value of 0.96 ± 0.26‰ for all consumers and ?¹⁵N values of 1.07 ± 0.32‰ for invertebrates and 2.38 ± 0.37‰ for fish.     

海绵城市建设过程中水生态系统构建研究

本研究以连云港市徐圩新区海绵城市建设为背景,通过云湖水生态系统构建、云湖调水排盐,构建自我调节能力较强的水生态系统,有效提升云湖水质,解决快速城市化导致的城市内涝灾害、生态环境恶化等问题,实现了片区水环境改善的生态、经济和社会效应。本研究可为类似区域的海绵城市水生态系统建设实践提供参考。