水声换能器及其研究和发展

阐述了水声换能器和频响特性、指向性及不同尺寸和频率范围的换能器的多种不同的校准方法，就其优缺点进行了比较。并具体介绍我国自声学院声学所成立以来水声换能器在换能材料和声学无源材料、换能吕和基陈以及水下电声测量等3个方面的取得的研究和成果。介绍了在压电陶瓷、吸声材料、换能器各种基阵等方面取得的国内外领先成果和应用现状。最后给出我国水声换能器的发展方向及动态，对其发展前景作了展望。     

数控机床分布式远程监测系统的研究

提出一种数控机床的分布式远程监测设计方案,在总体设计时把系统分成底、中、顶三层,重点讨论CORBA和W eb Service相结合的中间件技术。     

基于MCU的水泥抗折试验机的研制

介绍了一种基于MCU、压力传感器和直流电机的水泥抗折试验机的新方案及实现,分别从方案原理、硬件、软件和控制算法四个方面对系统进行了详细的阐述.该系统利用微控制器的高速计算能力,对施加在水泥试块上的载荷实施在线监控并调节电机转速,使得加荷速度控制在国标范围内,实现了抗折试验机的全自动运行和数据记录,亦达到了小型化的目的.     

智能机床生产线的智能特征分析

随着德国工业4.0深入推进,世界许多发达国家也纷纷提出本国的"再工业化"战略,中国也提出了"中国制造2025".全球制造业将大步跨入智能制造时代,而智能机床生产线将成为机加工装备未来发展的趋势.在介绍国内外智能机床生产线及其相关技术研究现状的基础上,提出了现阶段智能机床生产线研究存在的问题,给出了智能机床生产线的定义,并根据智能机床生产线的技术路线对其智能技术特征、智能功能特征和智能网络特征进行分析研究.     

透波性Si3N4陶瓷铣削过程刀具-工件摩擦特性

透波性Si_3N_4陶瓷是制造天线窗的主要材料之一,铣削过程中刀具-工件摩擦特性与加工表面形貌紧密相关.本文以透波性Si_3N_4陶瓷铣削加工为研究对象,通过分析加工过程中刀具-工件接触关系得到摩擦接触区域主要集中于切削刃后刀面与工件表面;探究了不同加工机理下接触区域摩擦机理,塑性域加工摩擦机理为粘着摩擦、刀具表面粗糙度波峰犁沟摩擦和陶瓷粉末滚动摩擦,脆性域加工还包含碎裂型陶瓷颗粒犁沟摩擦;在此基础上应用已有的微观表面形态与表面接触的摩擦力及摩擦系数理论给出了Si_3N_4陶瓷与铣刀材料的摩擦系数计算公式;通过实验对分析结果进行了验证.结果表明:透波性Si_3N_4陶瓷加工机理转变的临界切深值大于0.3 mm且小于0.4 mm;摩擦系数计算公式最大误差率为20.46%,能在一定程度上反映加工过程中摩擦特性演化规律;加工机理初始转变阶段,摩擦系数值降低,且摩擦系数对表面粗糙度影响呈现三阶多项式分布规律.该研究为提高透波性Si_3N_4陶瓷铣削加工表面质量提供了参考.     

Drilling machinability of engineering ceramics under low-frequency axial vibration processing by sintering/brazing composite diamond trepanning bit

Thin-wall diamond trepanning bits are extensively used for processing hard and brittle materials such as engineering ceramics. However, it is difficult to achieve high-efficiency processing of engineering ceramics at a constant feed speed, because of high dynamic compressive strength, high hardness, and low density of engineering ceramics. In this study, a novel composite diamond bit combining sintering and brazing has been designed, along with the low-frequency axial vibration technology, to realize the continuous hole processing of engineering ceramics. Drilling experiments have been conducted on Al₂O₃ and SiC engineering ceramics with a constant feed speed. The variation of axial force, micromorphology of hole wall surface drilled, as well as the method of removing nesting during the drilling process were analyzed. According to the results, the novel composite diamond bit fabricated by combining sintering and brazing, can achieve the continuous hole processing of engineering ceramics at a constant feed speed, including Al₂O₃ and SiC. Compared to the conventional drilling (CD), the low-frequency axial vibration drilling (LFVD) can significantly reduce the axial force, and produce fewer plastic scratches on the hole wall surface drilled. In particular, the automatic blanking ratio approaches to 100% by LFVD, and only about 73.58% by CD. It can be concluded that LFVD technology can be used to realize continuous hole processing of engineering ceramics. The research results achieved in this study show that the drilling machinability of engineering ceramics by LFVD and novel composite diamond bit is good. Accordingly, this study provides a useful reference for continuous processing or batch production of engineering ceramics at a constant feed speed.     

Adsorption studies of Pb (II) by two different magnetic MnFe2O4 materials synthesized with sol-gel process

Abstract

The spherical nanomaterials of MnFe-Ac and MnFe-Na can be synthesized with sol-gel method. The adsorption test of Pb (II) was carried out with two kinds of synthesized nanomaterials, and discussed their adsorption effects of Pb (II). The characteristic was analyzed by SEM, XRD, XPS and magnetic measurements. As the results showeed, the particles size of the material became smaller, but the morphology did not change after adsorption. The change of Ms was from 42.7 and 62.0?emu/g to 25.6 and 89.4?emu/g, respectively. By Langmuir and Freundlich models, the maximum adsorption amounts of Pb (II) were 23.40 and 41.56?mg/g, respectively, and analysis demonstrated that the adsorption of Pb (II) on samples was monolayer adsorption. The kinetic analysis showed that the adsorption of Pb (II) on the two materials was more in accordance with the pseudo-second-order model, which indicated that adsorption process of the materials for Pb (II) were primarily limited by the chemical adsorption.     

Through-thickness permeability modelling of woven fabric under out-of-plane deformation

When a woven fabric is subject to a normal uniform loading, its properties such as tightness and through-thickness permeability are both altered, which relates to the fabric out-of-plane deformation (OPD) and dynamic permeability (DP). In this article, fabric OPD is analytically modelled through an energy minimisation method, and corresponding fabric DP is established as the function of loading and fabric-deformed structure. The total model shows the permeability a decrease for tight fabric and an increase for loose fabric when the uniform loading increases. This is verified experimentally by fabric OPD, static and dynamic permeabilities. Experimental tests for both permeabilities showed good agreement with the corresponding predictions, indicating the fact that tight fabric becomes denser and loose fabric gets more porous during OPD. A sensitivity study showed that an increase of fabric Young’s modulus or a decrease of fabric test radius both lead to an increase of DP for tight fabric and opposite for loose fabric. The critical fabric porosity and thickness were found for inflexion of fabric DP trend during the OPD, which contributes to the optimum design of interlacing structure applied to protective textiles and composites.