低共熔溶剂对煤焦油柴油馏分中氮化物的脱除

以氯化胆碱(ChCl)为氢键受体(HBA),分别与不同类型氢键供体(HBD)反应合成一系列氯化胆碱型低共熔溶剂(DES),并用于脱除模型油和中低温煤焦油柴油馏分中氮化物。考察不同类型氢键供体和水分含量对低共熔溶剂碱性氮脱除率的影响。结果表明：氢键供体的酸性越强,合成的低共熔溶剂对碱性氮化物的脱除率越高;水的存在会显著提高低共熔溶剂对碱性氮化物的脱除率;在剂/油质量比1∶2、萃取温度50 ℃、萃取时间40 min、沉降2 h条件下,含有一定水分的氯化胆碱/草酸型低共熔溶剂D4对中低温煤焦油柴油馏分中氮化物有较高的脱除率,对碱性氮脱除率达到98.06%,总氮脱除率为75.29%。     

热拉式多材料纤维光电子技术研究进展与展望

随着纺织工程和材料科学的快速发展,智能纤维与织物以其柔软、轻便、透气等优势成为可穿戴设备的首选载体。热拉式多材料光电子纤维有望通过热拉制工艺发展为具有多参量感知、温度调控、信息交互等功能的智能纤维。为使热拉式多材料光电子纤维可更好地服务于纺织行业,重点讨论了热拉式多材料纤维光电子技术的研究进展,总结了热拉纤维内微纳结构的调控机制,阐述了热拉式多材料纤维在传感、能源、生物、医疗等场景中的应用,并展望了热拉式多材料纤维光电子技术未来在材料选择及研发、纤维结构调控、纺织加工、多功能集成、人工智能5个方面的研究趋势。最后指出：热拉式多材料光电子纤维未来将从单一功能向多功能、力学性能改善、智能计算等方向发展,以便更好地与传统纺织加工技术结合,进一步提升织物的功能性、穿戴舒适性、场景普适性。     

林窗面积对连香树幼苗生长及生物量分配的影响

[目的]为有效保护连香树资源、人工促进连香树群落天然更新和种群形成,探索林窗面积变化对幼苗生长及生物量分配的规律.[方法]以连香树幼苗为材料,通过设置2种林窗面积和林下环境,研究林窗面积对连香树幼苗生长及生物量分配的影响.[结果]不同处理连香树幼苗地径和高呈现极显著差异.小林窗下连香树幼苗高生长和地径生长最大,分别是大...     

Numerical simulation of friction stir-assisted incremental forming with synchronous bonding of heterogeneous sheet metals

Friction stir-assisted incremental sheet forming with synchronous bonding is developed as a novel variant of incremental sheet forming, by which the two sh     

A review on development of offshore wind energy conversion system

Wind energy conversion system, aiming to convert mechanical energy of air flow into electrical energy has been widely concerned in recent decades. According to the installation sites, the wind energy conversion system can be divided into land-based wind conversion system and offshore wind energy conversion (OWEC) system. Compared to land-based wind energy technology, although OWEC started later, it has attracted more attentions due to its significant advantages in sufficient wind energy, low wind shear, high power output and low land occupancy rate. In this paper, the principle of wind energy conversion and the development status of offshore wind power in the world are briefly introduced at first. And then, the advantages and disadvantages of several offshore wind energy device (OWED), such as horizontal axis OWED, vertical axis OWED and cross axis OWED are compared. Subsequently, several major constraints, such as complex marine environment, deep-sea power transmission and expensive cost of equipment installation faced by offshore wind conversion technology are presented and comprehensively analysed. Finally, based on the summary and analysis of some emerging technologies and the current situation of offshore wind energy utilization, the development trend of offshore wind power is envisioned. In the future, it is expected to witness multi-energy complementary, key component optimization and intelligent control strategy for smooth energy generation of offshore wind power systems.     

Designing performance enhanced nuclear battery based on the Cd-109 radioactive source

A dual-effect nuclear battery based on the radio-voltaic and radioluminescence effect was developed, which has the ability to convert nuclear energy into electrical energy with two different modes. Performance-enhanced nuclear batteries are mainly based on the addition of ZnS:Cu radio-luminescent layer to Cd-109 X-ray radioactive source and GaAs radio-voltaic layer. In order to explore the response relationship between the mode of energy conversion and the electrical performance of nuclear battery, the physical model was established to research the deposition energy distribution by using Monte Carlo method. The addition of the radio-luminescent material increases the effective energy deposition of the X-rays and the optimized thickness of ZnS:Cu in such a dual-effect nuclear battery should be set to 560 μm. The current–voltage characteristic curves of the batteries before and after performance optimization were utilized to investigate the electrical properties. Through a comprehensive comparison of Cd-109 nuclear batteries with or without radio-luminescent layer, the simulated results are consistent with experimental results. The results indicate that the electrical performance of dual-effect nuclear battery is significantly higher than that of single radio-voltaic nuclear battery. Moreover, the energy conversion efficiency increases from 0.079% (single radio-voltaic nuclear battery) to 0.119% (dual-effect nuclear battery). The improved performance of the dual-effect nuclear battery provides potential applications for space-based autonomous remote sensors and continuous low-power generation technologies.     

影响螺杆空气压缩机性能的因素分析

分析了3.5m^3/min螺杆空气压缩机的变工况性能试验结果。结合大量螺杆空气压缩的基本参数，分析了影响螺杆空气压缩机性能的多种因素，并对其辅助设备的设计及选型提出了几点建议和参照依据。     

Utilizing a Spiro TADF Moiety as a Functional Electron Donor in TADF Molecular Design toward Efficient “Multichannel” Reverse Intersystem Crossing

Designing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials with an efficient reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) process is regarded as the key to actualize efficient organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with low efficiency roll‐off. Herein, a novel molecular design strategy is reported where a typical TADF material 10‐phenyl‐10H, 10′H‐spiro[acridine‐9, 9′‐anthracen]‐10′‐one (ACRSA) is utilized as a functional electron donor to design TADF materials of 2,4,6‐triphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazine(TRZ)‐p‐ACRSA and TRZ‐m‐ACRSA. It is unique that the intramolecular charge transfer of the ACRSA moiety and the intramolecular and through‐space intermolecular charge transfer between the TRZ and ACRSA moieties, provide a “multichannel” effect to enhance the rate of the reverse intersystem crossing process (k_risc) exceeding 10^?6 s^?1. TADF OLEDs based on TRZ‐p‐ACRSA as an emitter show a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 28% with reduced efficiency roll‐off (EQEs of 27.5% and 22.1% at 100 and 1000 cd m^?2, respectively). Yellow phosphorescent OLEDs utilizing TRZ‐p‐ACRSA as a host material show record‐high EQE of 25.5% and power efficiency of 115 lm W^?1, while phosphorescent OLEDs based on TRZ‐m‐ACRSA show further lower efficiency roll‐off with EQEs of 25.2%, 24.3%, and 21.5% at 100, 1000, and 10 000 cd m^?2, respectively.     

PCCP内壁复式碳纤维加固技术及应力计算分析

现有碳纤维加固预应力钢筒混凝土管(PCCP)技术不能有效发挥碳纤维的作用,也无法有效地抑制PCCP的变形和裂缝的扩展。为此,提出了PCCP内壁复式碳纤维加固技术,即在碳纤维与PCCP之间增设高压缩弹性垫层,研制出具有压缩量大、本体强度高、抗渗、与混凝土粘接强度大等特点的高压缩弹性垫层材料。根据弹性力学推导出内壁复式碳纤维加固PCCP的弹性解,并分别计算了在不同内水压力作用下对三种直径PCCP的应力分布情况。结果表明,当弹性垫层厚度为5 mm时,碳纤维的应力增加4.2~4.6倍,即增设弹性垫层后碳纤维加固PCCP的作用显著增加,作用于PCCP的内压明显减少;对于同一管径的PCCP,在固定内水压力下,随着高压缩弹性垫层厚度的增加,碳纤维的应力近似呈线性提高,碳纤维承担内水压力的比例也近似呈线性提高。     

Efficiently production of micron-sized polyethylene terephthalate (PET) powder from waste polyester fibre by physicochemical method

Polyester has the highest share of world fibre market, which also leads to a large volume of polyester waste. In this study, a compact process combining alkali treatment and stone milling was used to recycle waste polyester fibre into ultrafine powder efficiently. The morphology of the original polyester fibre, alkali modified fibre and milled polyester powder were observed by Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The particle size, crystallinity and strength loss were also studied. It was found that the alkali treatment greatly reduced fibre strength and the crystallinity of the fibre largely decreased after stone milling. The waste polyester fibre was converted into micron powders easily and efficiently. About 700 g dry ultrafine powders with particle size of around 60 µm were achieved in 2 h. This method shows a great potential for industrial application of waste polyester in the future.