Delay-dependent state estimation for delayed neural networks

In this letter, the delay-dependent state estimation problem for neural networks with time-varying delay is investigated. A delay-dependent criterion is established to estimate the neuron states through available output measurements such that the dynamics of the estimation error is globally exponentially stable. The proposed method is based on the free-weighting matrix approach and is applicable to the case that the derivative of a time-varying delay takes any value. An algorithm is presented to compute the state estimator. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach and the improvement over existing ones.     

The zinc-rich corner of the Zn-Fe-Ni-Si quaternary system at 450 °C

Following up on recent studies of the Zn-rich corners of the Zn-Fe-Ni and Zn-Fe-Si ternary systems, a 450 °C isothermal section of the Zn-Fe-Ni-Si quaternary phase diagram with the Zn composition being fixed at 93 at.% was determined experimentally using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and x-ray diffractometry (XRD). FeSi was found to be in equilibrium with almost all phases in the section, including the T, ζ, Ni-δ, NiSi₂, and FeSi₂ phases, as well as the liquid phase (L). Silicon solubilities in the T, ζ, and Ni-δ phases were rather limited. However, the solubilities of Fe and Zn in the NiSi₂ phase, at 4.5 at.% and 7.2 at.%, respectively, were appreciable. The existence of the (L+NiSi₂+Ni-δ) three-phase equilibrium state apparently prevents other Ni-Si compounds from entering equilibrium with the liquid at 450 °C. No true quaternary compound was found in the study.     

利用反射纵波评价裂缝倾角的模拟实验研究

声波全波列测井中的反射纵波可以用来评价高角度裂缝和对井周附近地质结构进行成像。目前的研究主要侧重于直接从波形资料处理出发计算裂缝的位置和倾角 ,其可靠性和准确性无从评价和校验。文中采用模拟实验的方法记录了倾角为 6 0°～80°范围内的 8种倾角裂缝的反射脉冲纵波波形 ,自行推导了反演裂缝倾角的公式 ,结合波场分离技术对实验测量波形数据进行了处理 ,计算出的裂缝倾角与实际值具有良好的一致性。本文结果表明 ,利用至少 2个深度点的纵波反射波波形资料就可以准确地反演裂缝的倾角     

Recovery of fluorocarbons in Japan as a measure for abating global warming

The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential for recovering fluorocarbons as measures for the abatement of global warming. In this study, we focused on the three different kinds of fluorocarbons: CFCs, HCFCs and HFCs, and targeted refrigerant use because of the availability of relevant data. We first estimated future fluorocarbon emissions from the targeted appliances; we next compared those emissions in the units of CO₂ equivalent to the level of CO₂ emissions in 1990 from a quantitative point of view. As the result of this study, it was found that fluorocarbon emissions in 1999 and 2010 would be equal to approximately 7 and 3% of the level of CO₂ emissions in 1990 respectively. Moreover, if we implement a 100% recovery rate in every recovery route, we can reduce a large amount of emissions which correspond to approximately 2–5% of the level of CO₂ emissions in 1990, even if we take into account the energy-related CO₂ emissions by the transportation and decomposition of fluorocarbons.     

End-User Computing in a CASE Environment

Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools are currently being used by IS professionals rather than by users. No matter how effective these tools may be, however, they will not be able to assist in the reduction of application backlogs without supporting user-driven applications. This article examines characteristics of a CASE environment from the various perspectives of decision support, identifies the advantages and limitations of end-user computing in this environment, and suggests how IS managers can realize the potentials of CASE for user applications.     

A Built-in Self-Test Scheme with Diagnostics Support for Embedded SRAM

In this paper we propose a novel built-in self-test (BIST) design for embedded SRAM cores. Our contribution includes a compact and efficient BIST circuit with diagnosis support and an automatic diagnostic system. The diagnosis module of our BIST circuit can capture the error syndromes as well as fault locations for the purposes of repair and fault/failure analysis. In addition, our design provides programmability for custom March algorithms with lower hardware cost. The combination of the on-line programming mode and diagnostic system dramatically reduces the effort in design debugging and yield enhancement. We have designed and implemented test chips with our BIST design. Experimental results show that the area overhead of the proposed BIST design is only 2.4% for a 128 KB SRAM, and 0.65% for a 2 MB one.     

中国电子商务思考

网络经济持续走低，但电子商务的发展大方向是不会改变的。在中国，目前的主要问题是宽带网的重复建设、认证机构建设缺乏有效监管、电子商务立法滞后、物流配送系统不完善、标准化问题成为电子商务发展的障碍等，当前应做的主要是：政策的宏观引导、示范推广、加强对宽带网和认证机构建设的监管等。     

可拓检测的方案生成

以可拓学理论为基础，论述了可拓检测的有关定义和概念，提出了可拓检测的方案生成方法及过程，同时探讨了检测方法的优化和评价方法。     

Interfacial segregation of Ti in the brazing of diamond grits onto a steel substrate using a Cu-Sn-Ti brazing alloy

Diamond grits were brazed onto a steel substrate using a prealloyed Cu-10Sn-15Ti (wt pct) brazing alloy at 925 °C and 1050 °C. Due to the relatively high concentration of Ti in the brazing alloy, the braze matrix exhibited a composite structure, composed of β-(Cu,Sn), a Cu-based solid solution, and various intermetallic compounds with different morphologies. The reaction of Ti with diamond yielded a continuous TiC layer on the surfaces of the diamond grits. On top of the TiC growth front, an intermetallic compound, composed of Sn and Ti, nucleated and grew into a randomly interwoven fine lacey structure. An interfacial structure developed as the interwoven fine lacey phase was semicoherently bonded to the TiC layer, with the Cu-based braze matrix filling its interstices. The thickness of such a composite layer was increased linearly with the square root of isothermal holding time at 925 °C, complying with the law of a diffusion-controlled process. However, at 1050 °C, the segregation behavior of Ti and Sn to the interfaces between the TiC layer and the braze matrix diminished, due to the increased solubility of Ti in the Cu-based liquid phase. The enhanced dissolution of Ti in the Cu-based liquid phase at 1050 °C also caused the precipitation of rod-like CuTi with an average diameter of about 0.2 μm during cooling. SnTi₃ was the predominant intermetallic compound and existed in three different forms in the braze matrix. It existed as interconnected grains of large size which either floated to the surface of the braze matrix or grew into faceted grains. It also exhibited a nail-like structure with a mean diameter of about 1 μm for the rod section and a lamellar structure arising from a eutectic reaction during cooling.