一种低误报率的新型光纤分布式振动传感系统

针对目前-OTDR光纤分布式振动传感器由于散射光波光强不稳定造成误报率较高的问题,文中提出一种-OTDR和Mach-Zehnder干涉仪相结合的光纤分布式振动传感新系统,-OTDR和Mach-Zehnder干涉仪分别对外界振动进行探测,从而降低单一-OTDR探测的误报率。实验研究了-OTDR和提出的新的复合结构系统对外界振动探测的误报率,实验结果表明:在复杂环境下,与现有-OTDR方案相比,提出的基于-OTDR和M-Z干涉仪复合结构的方案可以有效降低系统的误报率,使系统的误报率由单一-OTDR的25%降至2%。     

空间网架结构钢管混凝土柱节点力学性能足尺试验及分析

采用足尺试验与数值仿真相结合的方法研究空间网架结构中的钢管混凝土柱节点的受力及抗震性能。试验荷载逐级加载到设计荷载的1.6倍并观测柱节点的变形与应力。试验结果表明试验荷载下柱节点钢结构部分基本处于弹性状态,混凝土极小部分区域超出压应力极限,钢管与混凝土粘接良好。非线性有限元分析结果揭示了柱节点在低周往复荷载作用下的滞回耗能能力和破坏特征,指出了柱节点承载的薄弱位置,给出了柱节点的极限承载力。结果表明,足尺试验与数值计算相结合的方法可以全面揭示柱节点的受力特性及抗震性能。     

旁压试验在广州地铁勘察工程中的应用

通过分析在广州轨道交通某支线地铁勘察中所得到的旁压试验数据,获得了其沿线不同区间内典型控制地层的P-V曲线,并由这些曲线确定相应的总静止土压力、临塑压力、极限压力及其旁压模量等岩土体力学参数,为地铁设计与盾构施工提供了相关参数,对相关工程有借鉴意义.     

硫磺回收单元低气量投产的挑战及应对措施

硫磺回收装置在低负荷运行时,可对工艺设备和安全生产造成负面影响,出现主燃烧器燃烧效果差、装置能源消耗增加、影响硫磺产品质量、鼓风机损坏、燃烧器火嘴堵塞等问题,直接污染环境,威胁操作人员安全.以某油田400万m3/d天然气处理厂硫磺回收单元为例,结合装置特性,分析可能出现的问题,提出了适应性改造、加强设备维护、制定应急处置方案、完善安全管理体制等应对措施,可为避免该硫磺回收单元的调试投产期间出现人员伤害或设备损坏提供参考.     

某地铁高架站钢结构雨篷设计分析

某地铁高架站顶部钢结构雨篷结构吊挂了下部站台层与站厅层的部分结构。通过对其在活荷载不利布置情况下的结构受力进行计算分析,对比活荷载对称布置情况下的相关数据,考虑活荷载不利布置情况对钢雨篷结构的影响,可为类似工程设计提供参考。     

On the inhomogeneous hydration kinetics and stiffness evolution of HNBR‐MgO reactive elastomer composites

Swellable elastomers are widely used in oilfield industry for sealing and zonal isolation applications. These materials need to sustain a large amount of external load after swelling. A newly developed reactive hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) based elastomer composite with magnesium oxide (MgO) as filler can swell and stiffen when exposed to water, which makes it ideal for oil field applications. However, both the filler hydration and the stiffness evolution inside this composite material are observed to be highly inhomogeneous even for samples on the length scale of millimeters. To understand this coupled diffusion‐hydration process is critical for applications of these materials with larger length scales. In this work, the hydration kinetics and stiffness evolution of the HNBR‐MgO composite are quantitatively studied on microscopic level. The extent of MgO hydration along the thickness of the sample are measured at the different stage of swelling. These results are used to determine the diffusion coefficient of water inside the composite. The diffusivity increases orders of magnitude after the filler hydration. In addition, the modulus change is non‐proportional to the degree of filler hydration as demonstrated by instrumented grid indentation on the hydrated composites. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43420.     

Composition and Structure of Single Cell Oil Produced by Schizochytrium limacinum SR31

Schizochytrium limacinum sp. was commercially utilized to produce single cell oil (SCO), but its detailed lipid profile remains unknown. In order to analyze the composition and structure of SCO produced by Schizochytrium limacinum SR31, the SCO extracted at stationary growth phase was separated into neutral lipids (NL), polar lipids and glycolipids by using silica gel column chromatography. The result of lipid classes in NL revealed that triacylglycerol (TAG) was the primary glyceride (93.81 %). Fatty acid (FA) analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometer (GC–MS) proved that palmitic acid (29.78 %) and docosahexaenoic acid (25.64 %) were the major FA. Quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry in electrospray ionization mode coupled with ultra‐performance liquid chromatography was carried out to investigate TAG structures. More than 80 species were identified. Positional distribution of FA in TAG might contribute to further study of the FA shifts during the lipid turnover stage and nutritional evaluation of the SCO.     

Thermoplastic polyvinyl alcohol/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites: Preparation,mechanical properties,thermal properties,and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness

This study uses the solution mixing method to combine plasticized polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a matrix, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as reinforcement to form PVA/MWCNTs films. The films are then laminated and hot pressed to create PVA/MWCNTs composites. The control group of PVA/MWCNTs composites is made by incorporating the melt compounding method. Diverse properties of PVA/MWCNTs composites are then evaluated. For the experimental group, the incorporation of MWCNTs improves the glass transition temperature (T_g), crystallization temperature, T_c), and thermal stability of the composites. In addition, the test results indicate that composites containing 1.5 wt % of MWCNTs have the maximum tensile strength of 51.1 MPa, whereas composites containing 2 wt % MWCNTs have the optimal electrical conductivity of 2.4 S/cm, and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of ?31.41 dB. This study proves that the solution mixing method outperforms the melt compounding method in terms of mechanical properties, dispersion, melting and crystallization behaviors, thermal stability, and EMI SE. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43474.     

压电微夹钳的位移自感知反馈复合控制*

采用自感知方法获取压电微夹钳钳指位移,构成自感知反馈复合控制系统。根据反映钳指位移、表面电荷、夹持力、驱动电压之间关系的压电悬臂梁Smits方程,提出了基于电流积分的钳指位移自感知方法;引入死区算子对传统PI模型进行改进,建立了压电微夹钳钳指位移的迟滞模型;以对偏差的抛物线积分、对输出的先行微分分别代替常规PID控制器中的积分项和微分项,设计出了压电微夹钳的改进PID反馈控制器;将前馈控制器与PID反馈控制器相结合,并采用自感知反馈方式,设计出了压电微夹钳的闭环控制系统。实验结果表明:在自感知反馈复合控制作用下,压电微夹钳对5μm阶跃参考位移的响应时间为0.24 s,若不考虑噪声影响,稳态误差几乎为零;在最大位移为14.7μm的变幅值三角波参考位移以及最大位移为14.1μm的任意波形参考位移作用下,压电微夹钳的自感知反馈复合控制亦可取得良好的控制效果,其稳态误差中线在-0.02~0.04μm之间变化。自感知反馈控制的实验结果与传感器反馈控制基本相同,从而表明压电微夹钳的自感知反馈控制是有效的。