Multiplex PCR system to track authorized and unauthorized genetically modified soybean events in food and feed

A diverse range of genetic elements has been used to develop genetically modified organisms (GMOs) over the last 18 years. Screening methods that target few elements, such as the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35S promoter (P-35S) and Agrobacterium tumefaciens nopaline terminator (T-nos), are not sufficient to screen GMOs. In the present study, a multiplex PCR system for all globally commercialized GM soybean events was developed to easily trace the events. For this purpose, screening elements of 24 GM soybean events were investigated and 9 screening targets were selected and divided into three individual triplex PCR systems: P-35S, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit promoter of Arabidopsis thaliana, T-nos, T-35S, pea E9 terminator, open reading frame 23 terminator of A. tumefaciens, proteinase inhibitor II terminator of potato, acetohydroxy acid synthase large subunit terminator of A. thaliana, and the revealed 3′ flanking sequences of DP-305423-1. The specificity of the assays was confirmed using thirteen GM soybean events as the respective positive/negative controls. The limit of detection of each multiplex set, as determined using certified reference materials of specific GM events, ranged from 0.03 to 0.5%, depending upon target. Furthermore, 26 food samples that contained soybean ingredients, which were purchased from the USA, China, Japan, and Korea, were analyzed, 17 of which contained one or more GM soybean events. These results suggest that the developed screening method can be used to efficiently track and identify 24 GM soybean events in food and feed.     

Catalytic behavior of potassium containing compounds for diesel soot combustion

Alkali doped oxides were synthesized and tested as catalysts for diesel soot combustion using a combinatorial method. It has been found that potassium shows better promotion of the catalytic activity than other alkali elements, and most of the potassium-rich oxides showed similar catalytic behaviors when catalysts and soot were mixed in a slurry. The influence of different mixing methods, including loose contact, tight contact and slurry (wet) mixing with different soot suspensions, on the catalytic behavior of some transition metal oxides, alkali metal carbonates and potassium-containing oxides were studied through thermogravimetry and XRD. The high activity of potassium-containing catalysts is found to be due to the intimate contact between soot and potassium cations caused by polar solvents. Potassium containing catalysts degraded after repeated thermal cycles due to the loss of potassium. It was also found that the addition of transition elements can inhibit the loss of potassium.     

基于自适应Kalman滤波的智能电网假数据注入攻击检测EI北大核心CSCD

研究了一种针对智能电网中假数据注入攻击的有效检测方法.假数据注入攻击可以保持攻击前后残差基本不变,绕过传统的不良数据检测技术.首先基于电网模型,分析了假数据注入攻击的攻击特性,针对噪声统计特性未知且无迹Kalman滤波(Unscented Kalman filter,UKF)不稳定的现象,提出了自适应平方根无迹Kalman滤波改进算法.基于状态估计值,结合中心极限定理提出检测算法,并与欧几里得检测方法、巴氏系数检测方法进行比较.最后,仿真表明本文所提检测算法的优越性.     

基于GT-SUITE的二甲醚共轨柴油机性能研究

基于GT建立了柴油机共轨系统和柴油机模型,在标定转速下,研究了喷油提前角、共轨压力对二甲醚柴油机性能的影响。结果表明,加大喷油提前角和增加共轨压力,均可以改善二甲醚柴油机的经济性和提高其动力输出,但会造成NOx排放的增加。     

Study on rock mass boreability by TBM penetration test under different in situ stress conditions

Rock mass boreability is a comprehensive parameter reflecting the interaction between rock mass and a tunnel boring machine (TBM). Many factors including rock mass conditions, TBM specifications and operation parameters influence rock mass boreability. In situ stress, as one of the important properties of rock mass conditions, has not been studied specifically for rock mass boreability in TBM tunneling. In this study, three sets of TBM penetration tests are conducted with different in situ stress conditions in three TBM tunnels of the Jinping II Hydropower Station. The correlation between TBM operation parameters collected during the tests and the rock mass boreability index is analyzed to reveal the influence of in situ stress on rock mass boreability and TBM excavation process. The muck produced by each test step is collected and analyzed by the muck sieve test. The results show that in situ stress not only influences the rock mass boreability but also the rock fragmentation process under TBM cutters. If the in situ stress is high enough to cause the stress-induced failure at the tunnel face, it facilitates rock fragmentation by TBM cutters and the corresponding rock boreability index decreases. Otherwise, the in situ stress restrains rock fragmentation by TBM cutters and the rock mass boreablity index increases. Through comparison of the boreability index predicted by the Rock Mass Characteristics (RMC) prediction model with the boreability index calculated from the penetration test results, the influence degree of different in situ stresses for rock mass boreability is obtained.     

Chlorpyrifos residue levels on field crops (rice,maize and soybean) in China and their dietary risks to consumers

In this study, chlorpyrifos residue levels in field crops of rice, maize and soybean were investigated according to the “Guideline on Pesticide Residue Trials” of China. On the basis of the residual results, human dietary risks were further evaluated. Chlorpyrifos residues of harvest grains were firstly prepared by QuEChERS method and analyzed using Gas Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS/MS). Dietary risks were assessed by a deterministic approach. The median residues in field trials of rice, maize and soybean were 0.617, 0.0227 and 0.0136 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. The highest residues in field trials of rice, maize and soybean were 3.23, 0.114 and 0.102 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. Chronic intake assessment indicated that only 39.0% of acceptable daily intake (ADI, 0–0.01 mg kg bw⁻¹ day⁻¹) was consumed through rice, maize and soybean. The acute hazard indexes (aHI) of adults was 26.1% of acute reference dose (ARfD, 0–0.1 mg kg bw⁻¹) and aHI of children was 63.5% of ARfD in dietary exposure assessment through rice, maize and soybean consumption. Single pathway risk assessment indicated that chlorpyrifos application on field crops in manner of the good agricultural practices didn't pose public health risks.     

Preparation of Docosahexaenoic Acid-Rich Diacylglycerol-Rich Oil by Lipase-Catalyzed Glycerolysis of Microbial Oil from Schizochytrium sp. in a Solvent-Free System

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich diacylglycerol (DAG)-rich oil was prepared by lipase-catalyzed glycerolysis of microbial oil from Schizochytrium sp. in a solvent-free system. The reaction parameters including lipase type, substrate molar ratio, temperature, lipase concentration, and reaction time were screened. The selected conditions were determined as follows: Novozym® 435 (Novozymes A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark) as biocatalyst at 8 wt%, substrate ratio (DHA-rich microbial TAG/glycerol) of 1:1 mol/mol, temperature of 50 °C, and reaction time of 12 hours. Under these conditions, the triacylglycerol (TAG), DAG, and monoacylglycerol (MAG) contents in the product were 36.4%, 48.2%, and 15.4%, respectively. The lipase was reused successively for 18 cycles without significant loss of activity under the conditions given above. Fatty acid composition analysis of the final product showed that the contents of DHA in TAG, DAG, and MAG were 53.9%, 44.9%, and 34.8%, respectively. DHA-rich DAG has the potential to be used as an ingredient in infant formula to increase the bioavailability of DHA.     

Calibration of the charm fine-grained calorimeter

Calorimeters have been used extensively for the study of neutrino interactions in the last decade. This paper describes the need for calibration of such calorimeters and how this was realized for the case of the CHARM fine-grained calorimeter. The energy and spatial response of the calorimeter to both hadronic and electromagnetic showers was measured in π and electron beams from 5 to 140 GeV. The results and resolutions are presented.     

柴油机颗粒捕集器内颗粒沉积结构的实验研究

基于可视化单通道实验系统,采用激光位移测量方法,对柴油机颗粒在陶瓷捕集器内的沉积过程进行了在线测量.研究结果发现,颗粒沉积过程分为4个阶段:深床期、长树期、搭桥期和颗粒层期;颗粒层厚度的增加在长树期迅速增长,而后在颗粒层期呈缓慢增加的趋势.颗粒层过滤期颗粒层的孔隙结构受过滤速度的影响,过滤速度增大,颗粒层的渗透系数和孔隙率减小,形成的颗粒层致密.实验结果证实了当Pe<1时,渗透系数和孔隙率随Pe的增大而减小,且变化显著;当Pe>1时,渗透系数和孔隙率随Pe数的变化趋于平坦.     

Range expansion and automation of a classical profilometer

A classical profilometer is modified in order to allow the measurement of a series of samples without any operator intervention. The extension needs the use of a stepper motor displacing the samples or the stylus in a vertical plane. One advantage of this technique is to extend the vertical range of a classical apparatus independently of the precision of the motor.