二元混合氯化盐的配制及热物性研究

在太阳能热发电技术中,硝酸盐类相变材料是使用最多的一种相变材料,但其最高使用温度仅为600 ℃,因此找到一种热容量大、工作温度范围宽、热损失低、价格便宜的相变储热材料是目前的研究重点。选取氯化锂和氯化钠两种高温熔盐相变材料按照不同的质量比混合制备了9种二元熔盐混合物,利用差式扫描量热仪（DSC）对其在600 ℃范围内的相变温度和相变潜热进行了研究。实验结果显示：由于氯化钠的熔点较高,当氯化锂和氯化钠的二元混合物中氯化钠的含量较多时,即氯化锂的含量较少时,少量的氯化锂不能将混合物的熔点降低至600 ℃以下,混合材料无法熔化;当氯化钠和氯化锂发生熔融时,无论何种比例其相变温度均保持在540 ℃左右,浮动±15 ℃;以质量配比为90%氯化锂-10%氯化钠的二元混合物的熔融温度与结晶温度相差较大,所以该二元混合熔盐可以应用于太阳能发电的传热和蓄热技术中。     

Performance of a solar air composite heat source heat pump system

For the shortcoming of air source heat pump in heating condition, a composite heat exchanger was designed which integrates fin tube and tube heat exchanger, and it can achieve synchronous and composite heat exchange in one heat exchanger between working fluids, gaseous and liquid heat source. With the above composite heat exchanger as the core component, the Solar Air Composite Heat Source Heat Pump System (SACHP) was developed which has three working modes, including single solar heat source mode, single air heat source mode and solar air dual heat sources mode. A SACHP experiment table was established and conducted a comprehensive experimental study of three working modes of this system in the standard enthalpy difference laboratory. The results show that when the ambient temperature was −15 °C, compared to the single air heat source mode, the dual heat source mode increased 62% in heat capacity and 59% in COP; when the temperature difference of combined heat transfer was 5 °C, compared to the single air heat source mode, the dual heat source mode increased 51% in heat capacity and 49% in COP. Experimental results demonstrate that the application of the solar air composite heat pump technology can accelerate the application process of the solar heat pump in air conditioners for buildings.     

The EU internal electricity market: Done forever?

Taking a quarter-century to build Europe's internal market for electricity may seem an incredibly long journey. The aim of achieving a European-wide market might be reached, but we went through – and should continue to go through – a process subject to many adverse dynamics. The EU internal market may derail greatly in the coming years from the effects of a massive push for renewables, as well as a growing decentralization of the production–consumption loop. Moreover, a serious concern is the risk of a definitive fragmentation of the European electricity market due to uncoordinated national moves with respect to renewable support and capacity mechanisms.     

污泥焚烧炉渣基定型复合相变储热材料的制备和性能

市政污泥的大量堆积或填埋会破坏局部生态环境,而焚烧可实现污泥的无害化处理,但污泥炉渣中的重金属难以有效固定。为有效固定污泥炉渣中的重金属,资源化利用污泥焚烧炉渣制备低成本复合相变储热材料,提出市政污泥焚烧炉渣作为骨架材料,硝酸钠为相变储热材料,采用冷压-烧结法制备了5种不同质量比的污泥焚烧炉渣基定型复合相变储热材料,并对其传热储热性能、微观形貌、抗压性能以及化学相容性进行研究。结果表明,在100～400℃范围内,焚烧炉渣与硝酸钠质量比为5∶5（样品SS3）时定型复合相变储热材料具有最佳的传热储热性能和良好的高温热稳定性,可实现对重金属的有效固定;炉渣组分与硝酸钠间具有良好的化学相容性,样品SS3的储热密度高达409.25 J/g,热导率最高达0.955 W/（m·K）,抗压强度为139.65 MPa。经历500次加热/冷却循环后,样品SS3仍然具有良好的传热储热性能,表明污泥焚烧炉渣适合作为制备定型复合相变储热材料的骨架材料。     

Treatment of high-sulfur coal using selective flocculation and microbial desulfurization in a draft-tube slurry bubble column

Experiments are performed to study a novel precombustion coal cleaning process for deashing and desulfurization of high-sulfur coals. The process is based on the integration of selective flocculation and microbial desulfurization in a draft-tube slurry bubble column bioreactor (DTSB). In the process, the unique features of the selective flocculation in ash reduction is preserved. Desulfurization of the pyrite particles is subsequently achieved through oxidation of pyrite by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans in a DTSB bioreactor. Samples of Pittsburgh No. 8 seam are used to test this multistage process. In this study, the effect of bacterial adaptation on the oxidation rate of pyrite is examined. Based on the kinetic data, a reactor model for the bio-oxidation rate of pyrite is developed. This model considers the bacterial adhesion and the kinetics of direct and indirect pyrite oxidation by T. ferrooxidans.     

Theoretical study of hydrogen transport during plastic deformation in iron

In order to model hydrogen transport during plastic deformation, it is essential to take into account the combined effect of several interactions: the interaction of hydrogen with newly generated dislocations, the interactions between hydrogen in lattice sites and moving dislocations, and the effect of both of these on the diffusion process. Both atomistic and macroscopic diffusion models, which take into account all of the above interactions, have been developed. The results show that the hydrogen flux due to moving dislocations strongly depends upon the kinetics between hydrogen in moving dislocations and that in lattice. It was also found that the dynamic trapping effect, i.e. trapping associated with an increase in the population of dislocations, should be taken into account to properly model hydrogen transport during plastic deformation.     

癸酸—月桂酸二元复合相变储能材料循环热稳定性

以研究癸酸—月桂酸二元复合相变储能材料在循环相变过程中的热稳定性为目的,搭建了实现相变材料加速热循环过程的实验平台,并利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测定了经过0,800,1 600,2 400,3 200,4 000次加速热循环后相变材料的相变温度和相变潜热。经过4 000次循环后,相变温度下降了0.8℃,相变潜热降低为初始值的92.08%。结果表明:随着循环次数的增加,该相变材料的相变温度变化微小,相变潜热有所降低,其热稳定性比较好。基于实验结果,讨论了此种相变材料在太阳能及建筑节能领域的应用前景。     

Evolutionary learning of fuzzy models

This paper presents an evolutionary algorithm for generating knowledge bases for fuzzy logic systems. The algorithm dynamically adjusts the focus of the genetic search by dividing the population into three sub-groups, each concerned with a different level of knowledge base optimisation. The algorithm was tested on the identification of two highly non-linear simulated plants. Such a task represents a challenging test for any learning technique and involves two opposite requirements, the exploration of a large high-dimensional search space and the achievement of the best modelling accuracy. The algorithm achieved learning results that compared favourably with those for alternative knowledge base generation methods.