Concurrent multi-scale design optimization of composite frames with manufacturing constraints

This paper presents a gradient based concurrent multi-scale design optimization method for composite frames considering specific manufacturing constraints raised from the aerospace industrial requirements. Geometrical parameters of the frame components at the macro-structural scale and the discrete fiber winding angles at the micro-material scale are introduced as the independent design variables at the two geometrical scales. The DMO (Discrete Material Optimization) approach is utilized to couple the two geometrical scales and realize the simultaneous optimization of macroscopic topology and microscopic material selection. Six kinds of manufacturing constraints are explicitly included in the optimization model as series of linear inequalities or equalities. The capabilities of the proposed optimization model are demonstrated with the example of compliance minimization, subject to constraint on the composite volume. The linear constraints and optimization problems are solved by Sequential Linear Programming (SLP) optimization algorithm with move limit strategy. Numerical results show the potential of weight saving and structural robustness design with the proposed concurrent optimization model. The multi-scale optimization model, considering specific manufacturing constraints, provides new choices for the design of the composite frame structure in aerospace and other industries.     

主动配电网综合能量管理系统设计与应用

目前国内主动配电网还缺乏统一的综合能量管理。在研究综合能量管理平台技术、区域能量综合预测技术和多级能源协调控制技术基础上,设计并开发了一种针对主动配电网的综合能量管理系统。系统综合考虑电源—电网—用户三个方面的需求,集成配电网已存在的信息和自动化系统,对配电网海量信息数据深度挖掘、高度整合和综合应用,最终实现能量合理分配、多元互补、综合利用,有效提高了可再生能源渗透率,降低了配电网能量损耗。系统在天津生态城示范区域部署应用,运行结果验证了所述主动配电网综合管理技术的可行性及有效性。     

The impact of China's carbon allowance allocation rules on the product prices and emission reduction behaviors of ETS-covered enterprises

It is an important task for China to allocate carbon emission allowance to realize its carbon reduction target and establish carbon trading market. China has designed several allocation rules within seven pilot regions. What influence those rules may cause is closely related with the enthusiasm of emission trading scheme (ETS) covered enterprises' participation in carbon market, and more importantly, with the mechanism design and sustainable development of carbon market. For this purpose, the multi-stage profit model is developed to analyze the ETS-covered enterprises' product prices and emission reduction behaviors under different allocation rules. The results show that, first, under the rules of grandfathering, self-declaration and auctioning, when deciding the optimal product price and optimal carbon emission reduction, those enterprises may focus on maximizing current stage profit; however, under the rule of benchmarking, those enterprises may care more about the impact of current decisions on the profit in next stage. Second, the optimal product price policy is positively correlated with the price of the same kind products, consumers' low-carbon awareness and government subsidy. Finally, along with the increase of carbon price, consumers' low-carbon awareness and government subsidy and the decrease of carbon emission cap, those enterprises tend to reduce carbon emissions.     

HP-VCS: A high-quality and printer-friendly visual cryptography scheme

Visual Cryptography Scheme (VCS) is a secret-sharing scheme which aims to encrypt a secret message into multiple shares and transmit them to participants over an untrusted communication channel. Although human vision can easily reveal the secret message by stacking a sufficient number of shares, this scheme reduces the visual quality of recovered images. This paper presents a novel high-quality and printer-friendly VCS. When providing high-quality recovery, this scheme keeps the size of the shares the same as the secret image. Experimental results show that, compared with previous work, the proposed scheme significantly improves the performance of recovered images.     

变电站UPS的选择及其配电方式探讨

结合变电站供电电源的特点,阐述了UPS的选择及其配电方式,对UPS在实践应用中存在的问题进行了分析,提出了具体的解决方案。     

数控车削圆锥滚子轴承内滚道时走刀点尺寸的确定

数控车床加工圆锥轴承轴承内滚道时需要根据车加工图纸,通过几何关系计算出走刀点坐标尺寸。手工计算费时费力,容易出现错误。CAD方法重复繁琐,效率低下。针对以上问题,将计算公式嵌入Excel电子表格中,通过输入相关数据即可得出计算结果,提高了效率,减少了废品。     

Microstructure stabilization of a novel glass/YSZ composite coating material by adding alumina particles

Glass-based composite coating materials incorporating particles of alumina or YSZ were prepared by reaction sintering. It was revealed that phase evolution played a key role on thermal expansion behavior of the composite coating materials. Both precipitating of t-ZrO₂ crystals and adding YSZ inclusions could raise CTEs of the glass-based matrix, while the formation of zircon produced the reverse effect. Especially, alumina additives retarded the crystallization of the base glass and reduced reaction rates between YSZ and the glass matrix remarkably. Thus, the Al₂O₃/YSZ/glass tri-composites could serve as an environmental barrier coating for intermetallics and superalloys because of the stabilized microstructure.     

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 含Zn-Sn钎料的铜铝过渡线夹在服役过程中易发生腐蚀失效。应用扫描电镜、能谱和XRD系统分析了不同工艺制备的钎焊接头在盐雾暴露环境下的腐蚀行为,并以拉剪试验评价其残余抗剪强度,初步揭示了腐蚀发生的规律及其对抗剪强度的影响。研究表明,在盐雾环境下钎料层首先被腐蚀,其次铝基体被腐蚀,而铜的腐蚀较少。盐雾暴露环境下接头的残余抗剪强度腐蚀时间延长逐渐降低。总体而言,线夹整体耐腐蚀性能的高低主要取决于钎料耐腐蚀性能,而工艺参数对腐蚀行为的影响不大。钎焊电流为12 A、时间为10 s的工艺制备的接头经腐蚀试验残余强度最高。     

工艺参数设置和厚度对电子束熔融加工Ti-6Al-4V合金微观结构的影响

研究了试件尺寸和工艺参数(电子束强度,扫描速度,焦点偏移量和扫描长度)对电子束熔融(EBM)加工Ti-6Al-4V合金微观结构的影响。结果表明,可以观察到EBM加工的Ti-6Al-4V合金的微观结构由原始β相的柱状晶粒组成。在柱状晶粒内部观察到典型的(α+β)结构,即魏氏体α片和在细小的α晶粒的界面上形成的杆状β相。还发现沿原始β柱状晶粒的晶界形成的α层晶界。随着试件厚度、电子束能量密度和扫描长度的增加,先前的β柱状晶粒的直径增大,并且生长的方向与加工方向一致。同时,柱状晶粒直径随着试件高度的增加而减小。随着试件厚度和电子束能量密度的增加,α片会变得更粗大。     

差压传感器非线性特性研究

介绍了一种智能差压传感器,针对影响传感器准确度的输出—输入非线性问题进行了研究。采用了BP神经网络来建立差压传感器的输出—输入模型,网络模型采用了三层结构,输出—输入层各自采用了一个神经元,将神经网络的均方误差目标值设定为10-6,并在MATLAB中进行了仿真,经训练得到的输出—输入模型的非线性误差可以达到±0.032%。通过与多项式拟合方法和最小二乘直线拟合方法所得结果进行比较,结果表明:采用BP神经网络方法对提高智能差压传感器的测量准确度具有参考价值。