Controlling Au electrode patterns for simultaneously monitoring electrical actuation and shape recovery in shape memory polymer

This paper presents an effective approach to achieve efficient electrical actuation and monitoring of shape recovery based on patterned Au electrodes on shape memory polymer (SMP). The electrically responsive shape recovery behavior was characterized and monitored by the evolution change in electrical resistance of patterned Au electrode. Both electrical actuation and temperature distribution in the SMP have been improved by optimizing the Au electrode patterns. The electrically actuated shape recovery behavior and temperature evolution during the actuation were monitored and characterized. The resistance changes could be used to detect beginning/finishing points of the shape recovery. Therefore, the Au electrode not only significantly enhances the electrical actuation performance to achieve a fast electrical actuation, but also enables the resistance signal to detect the free recovery process.     

Electrochemically deposited Fe2O3 nanorods on carbon nanofibers for free-standing anodes of lithium-ion batteries

Fe₂O₃ nanorod/carbon nanofiber (CNF) composites were prepared by the electrochemical deposition of Fe₂O₃ on a web of CNFs, which was then used as a free-standing anode. The conductive, three-dimensional structure of the CNF web allowed for the electrodeposition of the Fe₂O₃ nanorods, while its high conductivity made it possible to use the composite as a free-standing electrode in lithium-ion batteries. In addition, it was easy and cheap to fabricate by a simplification of a process of cell preparation. The nanorod-like Fe₂O₃ structures could only be electrodeposited on the CNFs; flake-like Fe₂O₃ was formed on flat conductive glass substrates. It can be attributed to the different growth mechanism of Fe₂O₃ on the CNFs because of the large number of reaction sites on the CNFs, differences in the precursor concentration and diffusivity within the CNF web. The formation of aggregates of the Fe₂O₃ particles on thicker CNFs also indicated that the CNFs had determined the Fe₂O₃ growth mechanism. The synthesised Fe₂O₃/CNF composite electrode exhibited stable rate capacities at different current densities. This suggested that CNF-based composite did not exhibit the intrinsic disadvantages of Fe₂O₃. Finally, carbon coatings were deposited on the Fe₂O₃/CNF composites to further improve their electronic conductivity and rate capability.     

Stereo matching cost computation based on nonsubsampled contourlet transform

A new matching cost computation method based on nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) for stereo image matching is proposed in this paper. Firstly, stereo image is decomposed into high frequency sub-band images at different scales and along different directions by NSCT. Secondly, by utilizing coefficients in high frequency domain and grayscales in RGB color space, the computation model of weighted matching cost between two pixels is designed based on the gestalt laws. Lastly, two types of experiments are carried out with standard stereopairs in the Middlebury benchmark. One of the experiments is to confirm optimum values of NSCT scale and direction parameters, and the other is to compare proposed matching cost with nine known matching costs. Experimental results show that the optimum values of scale and direction parameters are respectively 2 and 3, and the matching accuracy of the proposed matching cost is twice higher than that of traditional NCC cost.     

Covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy based design of fixed structure robust H∞ loop shaping controller

This paper proposes the application of Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES) in fixed structure H_∞ loop shaping controller design. Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) performance requirement is incorporated as a constraint with an objective of maximization of stability margin in the fixed structure H_∞ loop shaping controller design problem. Pneumatic servo system, separating tower process and F18 fighter aircraft system are considered as test systems. The CMA-ES designed fixed structure H_∞ loop-shaping controller is compared with the traditional H_∞ loop shaping controller, non-smooth optimization and Heuristic Kalman Algorithm (HKA) based fixed structure H_∞ loop shaping controllers in terms of stability margin. 20% perturbation in the nominal plant is used to validate the robustness of the CMA-ES designed H_∞ loop shaping controller. The effect of Finite Word Length (FWL) is considered to show the implementation difficulties of controller in digital processors. Simulation results demonstrated that CMA-ES based fixed structure H_∞ loop shaping controller is suitable for real time implementation with good robust stability and performance.     

Use of the time constant to detect corrosion speed in reinforced concrete structures

The relatively simple to measure ‘time constant’ is presented as an index for characterizing the level of corrosion experienced by steel in concrete. This communication, largely in the form of a technical note, explicitly illustrates that the time constant determined from electrochemical testing has significant merit for monitoring corrosion of steel in concrete, and appears to be insensitive to the area of electrode being probed. In this work, the time constant, κ, is determined following a galvanostatic excitation signal, revealing a good correlation between the value of κ and corrosion status across specimens of widely varying geometry. Although this notion has been suggested in the past, this work presents both a survey and consolidated review to indicate the utility of the parameter as an index to corrosion rate on-site.     

Pr^3＋掺杂的TiO2纳米粉体的表面特性和光催化活性

利用酸催化的溶胶-凝胶法制备了纯的和不同Pr^3＋掺杂量的TiO2纳米粉体．以亚甲基蓝（MB）溶液的光催化降解为探针反应，评价了它们的光催化活性．利用XRD和BET技术研究了Pr^3＋掺杂量和焙烧温度对TiO2纳米粉体的相结构、晶粒尺寸和表面织构特性的影响，并用XPS和SPS技术研究了Pr^3＋掺杂的TiO2纳米粉体的表面组成和表面光伏特性，探讨了Pr^3＋掺杂提高纳米TiO2的光催化活性的机制．结果表明：适量Pr^3＋掺杂能显著提高纳米TiO2的光催化活性．当Pr^3＋掺杂量为1．25％（以Pr^3＋／TiO2质量比计），焙烧温度为600℃时，制得粉体的光催化活性最佳．Pr^3＋掺杂强烈地抑制TiO2由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变，减小晶粒尺寸，增大比表面积，增加表面羟基和吸附氧的含量，提高光生电子和空穴的分离效率，改善粉体表面的光吸收性能，上述因素均有利于光催化活性的提高．     

分子动力学模拟聚乙烯在碳纳米管表面的扩散

通过采用分子动力学方法模拟不同链长的聚乙烯分子在单壁碳纳米管表面的扩散,探究了聚乙烯的动力学性质。研究表明随着链长的增加聚乙烯在碳纳米管表面的扩散系数减小,且二者间存在明显的标度关系。聚乙烯在碳纳米管表面扩散的扩散系数和聚乙烯吸附在碳纳米管表面的构象有关,有序结构的聚乙烯比无序结构的聚乙烯在碳纳米管表面扩散的快。此外,由于受到碳纳米管吸附作用的影响,聚乙烯分子在平行于管轴和垂直于管轴2个方向上的扩散系数不同,扩散表现各向异性。     

1，1，3-三甲基-3-苯基茚满的催化合成木

本文研究了在酸性离子液体的催化作用下α-甲基苯乙烯二聚合成1,1,3-三甲基-3-苯基茚满。实验结果表明,在无溶剂的条件下室温离子液体（CH3CH2）3NHCl-AlCl3对该反应具有很高的催化活性和目标产物的选择性,反应进行到5min即可达到100%的α-甲基苯乙烯转化率和97%的环状二聚物1,1,3-三甲基-3-苯基茚满的选择性。     

基于蚁群算法的遥感影像传输资源调度方法

针对遥感影像数据量大,多用户并发请求造成服务器负载加重,使遥感影像传输效率逐渐降低的问题,提出一种在多线服务器环境下分块调度遥感影像资源的策略。该策略采用改进的蚁群优化(IACO)算法,通过引入一个线路等待因子γ动态选择当前最优的线路进行传输,从而提高传输效率。对IACO、ACO、Max-min、Min-min和Random算法进行了对比实验,IACO算法在客户端的任务完成时间和服务器端的执行时间与其他算法相比均是最少的,且随着任务数目的增加,效果更明显;同时IACO算法的线路资源的利用率也更高。仿真结果表明:多线服务器分块调度策略与改进蚁群算法相结合,使遥感影像传输速度和线路资源利用率均有一定提高。