基于多特征融合与ResNet的海面溢油区识别研究

近年来,合成孔径雷达（SAR）在改善溢油检测方面得到了广泛应用。然而,由于其特殊的成像机理,乘性相干斑噪声和其他物理现象引起的暗斑一直影响着溢油检测的精度。单独使用一种特征很难对图像上的油膜和类油膜现象进行区分,针对这一问题提出了利用多特征融合结合深度残差网络（ResNet）的方式来区分全极化图像上的油膜和类油膜现象。实验中将C波段的三种极化特征：极化散射熵（Entropy）、平均散射角（Alpha）和单次散射特征值相对差异度（SERD）组合在一起,形成一个优化特征子集,在确定的三种极化特征对应的特征图上选取多个感兴趣区域作为ResNet网络的训练集和测试集。该实验所用训练集由3 600个原油样本、3 600个生物油样本和3 600个乳化油样本（共计10 800个）组合而成。测试集由600个原油样本、600个生物油样本和600个乳化油样本（共计1 800个）组合而成,最终得到97.56%的分类精度。用同样的实验数据采用同是深度学习的VGG和AlexNet分类算法进行油膜和类油膜的分类,并与ResNet算法分类结果进行对比分析。为了减弱过拟合现象以及获得更可靠的实验结果,分别进行了[K]-交叉验证和ROC曲线实验。结果表明所提出的算法是有效的。     

Polysiloxanes for optoelectronic applications

During the past few years, polysiloxanes have been extensively researched on optimizing the physical and electronic properties of organic polymer semiconductors. Polysiloxanes display their advantages including good solubility in common organic solvents, good film-forming ability, fair adhesion to various substrates and excellent resistance to thermal, chemical and irradiation degradations. In this review, we focus on the fundamental design and synthesis strategies of bonding polysiloxanes with organoelectronic groups. The characterization of polysiloxanes will be briefly introduced. Specifically, we summarize the recent advances of the utilization of polysiloxanes as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), solar cells, electrical memories and liquid crystalline materials. Finally, several perspectives related to polysiloxanes materials for organoelectronic applications are proposed based on the reported progress and our own opinion.     

纳米Fe3O4颗粒对离子液体润滑减摩及电控增摩性能的影响

目的 提高离子液体在常态环境下的润滑减摩能力及电场条件下的电控增摩响应特性。方法 将合成油酸改性后的Fe3O4纳米颗粒分散添加到离子液体中,制备了不同浓度的离子液体基铁磁流体,通过利用自制载流摩擦磨损试验机,分别模拟测试了常态环境与电场环境下纯离子液体与离子液体基铁磁流体摩擦因数的变化,同时利用白光干涉仪、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射(XRD)对比分析了磨损形貌。结果 在常态环境下,Fe3O4纳米颗粒的“滚珠减摩效应”显著提高了离子液体在常态环境中的润滑效果。随着纳米Fe3O4颗粒质量分数的增加,磨痕逐渐变得光滑平整,剥落和磨粒聚集现象也逐渐消失,尤其是当质量分数为30%时,试样磨痕内部仅有较浅的犁沟和轻微的划痕,此时的摩擦因数也展现出了极低的水平,约为0.04,远低于纯离子液体润滑时的0.085。同时纳米颗粒的“电致沉积效应”增强了离子液体在电场环境中的电控增摩响应能力,当电流强度达到20 A时,对于质量分数为30%的离子液体基铁磁流体,摩擦因数瞬时提高了近1倍,增幅达到了0.039,是相同条件下纯离子液体摩擦因数增长幅度的4倍。结论 将合成改性后的Fe3O4纳米颗粒分散添加到离子液体中,成功制备了离子液体基铁磁流体,并且通过调控纳米颗粒含量,显著提高了离子液体的润滑性能和电控增摩响应能力。     

硫硅酸钙-硫铝酸盐水泥研究进展

硫铝酸盐水泥具有煅烧温度低、CO₂排放少、快硬早强以及抗冻抗渗等优良特性,在建材、固废领域具有广阔的应用前景,并衍生出贝利特-硫铝酸钙、贝利特-硫铝酸钡钙等一系列硫铝酸盐水泥。然而,硫铝酸盐水泥主要矿物成分贝利特(β-C₂S)具有水化活性低、水化速度慢的缺点,易导致水泥后期强度增长缓慢。硫硅酸钙(C₅S₂$\bar{\text{S}}$)曾被认为是一种“惰性”矿物,但在硫铝酸盐体系下可表现出比β-C₂S更强的水化活性,因此硫硅酸钙-硫铝酸盐水泥(TSAC)的研究具有重要意义。本文从C₅S₂$\bar{\text{S}}$矿物的形成和水化、TSAC的制备和性能等方面,综述了C₅S₂$\bar{\text{S}}$和TSAC的研究现状,并提出了TSAC需进一步研究和解决的问题,如固废原料探寻、TSAC性能调控以及TSAC熟料矿物组成优化等,以期为新型低碳水泥的研究和应用提供积极有利的参考和支持。     

基于运营和出行成本的校车路径问题研究

为解决农村地区校车路网布局中校方运营成本过高,以及乘车站点分布散乱导致校车服务质量差的问题,建立混载与不混载场景下多目标校车路径规划问题(SBRP)模型.在不混载情景下,构建以学生出行成本和校方运营成本为优化目标的融合校车服务水平的SBRP数学模型;在混载情景下,构建考虑校车投入成本与运营成本的SBRP数学模型.通过对比多个启发式算法,确定基于模拟退火算法的求解流程和基于遗传算法求解结果的横向比对.最后,在国际基准案例上进行了测试,基于模拟退火算法引入不同搜索算子求解不同场景下构建的SBRP数学模型,应用于山东日照五莲县校车路径优化设计,结果表明不混载SBRP情景下,提出的方法较原校车运营方式,校车投入量、行驶里程、行程成本分别减少28.6%、37.8%、35.6%,考虑到学生的校车服务感知度,学生出行成本降低4.3%;由于混载情景的复杂性,难以有效兼顾出行成本,提出的方法较原校车运营方式的学生出行成本增加了0.5%,但校车投入量、行驶里程、行程成本分别减少37.5%、42.0%、35.8%,更好地验证了构建模型的有效性及模拟退火算法相较于遗传算法,能够更大程度提高农村地区校车服务质量...     

Selection of organic Rankine cycle working fluids in the low-temperature waste heat utilization

In the current study, simulations based on the engineering equation solver(EES) software are performed to determine the suitable working fluid for the simple organic Rankine cycle system in different temperature ranges. Under the condition of various temperatures and a constant thermal power of the flue gas, the influence of different organic working fluids on the efficiency of the subcritical organic Rankine cycle power generation system is studied, and its efficiency and other parameters are compared with those of the regenerator system. It is shown that the efficiency of the subcritical organic Rankine cycle system is the best when the parameters of the working fluid in the expander inlet are in the saturation state. And for the organic Rankine cycle, the R245 fa is better than other working fluids and the efficiency of the system reaches up to 10.2% when the flammability, the toxicity, the ozone depletion, the greenhouse effect and other factors of the working fluids are considered. The R601 a working fluid can be used for the high-temperature heat source, however, because of its high flammability, new working fluid should be investigated. Under the same condition, the efficiency of the organic Rankine cycle power generation system with an internal heat exchanger is higher than that of the simple system without the internal heat exchanger, but the efficiency is related to the properties of the working fluid and the temperature of the heat source.     

碱激发赤泥基可控低强度材料的制备与性能研究

以赤泥、粉煤灰以及矿粉为原材料,NaOH为激发剂、聚羧酸减水剂为分散剂制备了可控低强度材料,研究了不同赤泥、粉煤灰配比下材料的工作性能和力学性能。当赤泥与粉煤灰的质量比为2∶1、矿粉的掺量为10%,Na OH掺量为1.5%时,拌合物流动度最高为236 mm,试件28 d的无侧限抗压强度最大为6.5 MPa,满足可控低强度材料的规范要求。利用XRD、FTIR、SEM探究了可控低强度材料的矿物组成、微观结构,结果发现赤泥、粉煤灰以及矿粉在Na OH作用下水化形成了C—S—H、钙矾石(AFt)以及少量水化硫铁酸钙、C4AF;材料的强度发展与水化产物的絮状、蜂窝状以及片状结构密切相关。研究结果为工业固废在可控低强度材料领域的规模化应用提供了新的技术途径。     

不同接地装置类型下接地电阻测量研究

接地电阻的测量对电力系统供电质量起着至关重要的作用.传统的三极直线法受电磁感应、土壤电阻率不均匀的影响,测量误差较大.通过理论计算分析得出:对于中小型接地装置,采用等边三角形法测量接地电阻;对于大型接地装置,测试电气完整性来保证接地电阻满足设计要求.该测量方法可推广应用于所有的接地电阻测试.     

Nonlocal beam model for nonlinear analysis of carbon nanotubes on elastomeric substrates

Postbuckling, nonlinear bending and nonlinear vibration analyses are presented for single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) resting on a two-parameter elastic foundation in thermal environments. The SWCNT is modeled as a nonlocal nanobeam which contains small scale effects. The elastomeric substrate with finite depth is modeled as a two-parameter elastic foundation. The thermal effects are included and the material properties of both SWCNTs and the substrate are assumed to be temperature-dependent. The governing equation that includes beam–foundation interaction is solved by a two-step perturbation technique. The numerical results reveal that the small scale parameter e₀a reduces the postbuckling equilibrium paths, the static large deflections and natural frequencies of SWCNTs resting on an elastic foundation. The results also reveal that the effect of the small scale parameter is significant for compressive buckling, but less pronounced for static bending and marginal for free vibration of SWCNTs resting on an elastic foundation.