下扬子区中生界油气地质条件评价

下扬子区中生界具有海相和陆相两种盆地沉积的特点,分别发育了海相烃源岩和陆相烃源岩。下三叠统海相烃源岩是下扬子区最有利的烃源岩,陆相沉积也具有一定的生烃潜力。印支-燕山运动对原海相盆地进行了严重的改造,对海相油气圈闭保存有重大影响,同时对陆相烃源岩也有重要的控制作用。然而,在构造活动相对薄弱的地区。特别是区内几个重要的中生代盆地,仍有良好的油气勘探前景。      

煤夹层地质条件下单桩承载特性分析

以南宁市地质条件下某桩基工程为例,采用有限元法对持力层存在煤夹层条件下桩基础的变形、应力进行计算,分析了煤夹层应力分布特征及其承载力的验算问题。研究表明：（1）当煤层厚度相同时,埋深越大,沉降越小;当煤层埋深相同时,煤层越厚,沉降也越大。（2）当埋深在1d～3d（d为桩径）时,煤层对持力层应力分布所起的＂扩散传递＂作用十分突出,超过3d时则影响很小;煤夹层越厚,扩散效果越明显,但当其厚度达到1.0 m时,煤夹层对持力层应力的扩散作用明显减弱。（3）煤层埋深越小,其最大主应力越大。桩端以下应力扩散的主要影响范围在3d以内,煤层越薄,其内部应力越大,煤层厚度增大也会导致沉降增大。模拟值与实测值吻合较好。     

长江南京八卦洲汊道治理与沿岸经济发展探讨

长江南京八卦洲汊道左汊缓慢衰退、分流比减小,河床淤积抬高,影响了沿岸大型企业集群的运行安全。介绍了八卦洲汊道已实施的整治工程和效果,结合汊道沿江地区的经济发展状况,提出保持河势长期稳定和充分利用岸线资源等汊道整治需求,提出系统整治的指导思想和初步方案,并针对具体的整治要点和难点提出针对性建议,以期提供适合岸线开发利用的水域条件,促进沿岸经济可持续发展。     

模糊综合评价法在长江下游贵池河段水质评价中的应用

对水质评价存在诸多方法,而模糊综合评价法具有评价结果合理、更接近客观实际等优点,因而得到越来越广泛的应用。通过模糊评价方法对长江下游贵池河段2005～2009年间水环境综合评价,并采用加权平均原则求取隶属等级,取得较好的效果。     

Effectiveness of the revision to FMVSS 301: FARS and NASS-CDS analysis of fatalities and severe injuries in rear impacts

PurposeThis study investigated the change in the fatality and severe injury risks in rear impacts with vehicle model years (MY) grouped prior to, during the phase-in and after the revision to FMVSS 301.MethodsFARS and NASS-CDS data were used to determine the injury risks of non-ejected occupants in light vehicles involving non-rollover, rear impacts. The data were analyzed by MY groups: 1996–2001, 2002–2007 and 2008+ to represent the years prior to, during the phase-in and post-revision phase-in of FMVSS 301. The 1996–2013 FARS data were analyzed for rear crashes defined by the initial crash direction (IMPACT1) and direction with most damage (IMPACT2) to the rear. Fatality risk was determined by the number of fatally injured occupants per all occupants with known injury status.The 1994–2013 NASS-CDS was analyzed for rear crashes defined by the damage area variable. The risk of severe injury (MAIS 4+F) was determined as the number of occupants with MAIS 4+F injury per all occupants with known injury status. The distribution of rear crashes was determined by impact location and crash severity. NASS-CDS electronic cases with 2008+ MY vehicles were analyzed to evaluate the vehicle and occupant performance.ResultsThe fatality risk was 20.6% in the 1996–2001, 17.3% in the 2002–2007 and 15.0% in the 2008+ MY vehicles using FARS with the initial crash direction variable (IMPACT1) to the rear. There was a 27.1% reduction in risk with post-FMVSS 301 vehicles 2008+ MY. The risk was 19.0%, 15.4% and 12.8% with the most damage variable (IMPACT2) to the rear. There was 32.8% reduction in risk with 2008+ MY vehicles.The NASS-CDS analysis showed that the risk of severe injury (MAIS 4+F) was 0.27 ± 0.05% for 1996–2001, 0.30 ± 0.13% for 2002–2007 and 0.08 ± 0.04% for 2008+ MY year vehicles. There was a 70.2% reduction in the risk for severe injury with 2008+ MY vehicles.The NASS-CDS case review of MAIS 4+F injury in rear impacts of 2008+ MY vehicles that comply with the revised FMVSS 301 indicated that the crashes were very severe and generally involved significant 2nd row intrusion.ConclusionsThe revision to FMVSS 301 has effectively reduced the risks for fatal and severe injury in vehicles compliant with the revision (2008+ MY). The reduction was 27.1–32.8% in fatality risk using FARS data and 70.2% in severe injury risk using the NASS-CDS when compared to vehicles prior to the phase-in of the revised FMVSS 301 (1996–2001 MY vehicles). It is not possible to parse the effects of other design changes in seats and restraint systems that also increased safety over the study years.     

四川盆地东南地区龙马溪组页岩气有效保存区综合评价

受差异构造边界的制约,四川盆地东南地区(简称川东南)中新生代发生差异构造变形,使得保存条件成为控制该区下古生界页岩气富集的主要因素。为此,从制约保存条件的直接原因——构造作用出发,对该区页岩气保存条件进行了综合评价。首先以构造研究为先导,立足于中新生代差异构造变形方式和强度,将评价区划分为7个构造形变带,并对各构造形变带的断裂规模、断裂密度、顶底板岩性和厚度、目的层埋深、构造形态和裂缝间距指数等影响因素进行系统揭示,确立页岩气有效保存区的评价指标和标准,建立页岩气保存条件综合评价体系。在此基础上,依据该区页岩气保存条件最优评价参数标准,对7个构造形变带下志留统龙马溪组页岩气的保存条件进行了宏观评价。结果表明:齐岳山断裂以西地区的保存条件整体上好于东侧;齐岳山断裂以东地区,以武隆断褶带的保存条件为最好,其次为彭水断褶带和黔江断褶带,道真叠加断褶带、务川叠加断褶带和沿河叠加断褶带相对较差。     

天体对太阳敏感器的测姿影响及其防护措施

姿态控制系统是卫星得以持续正常工作的保证。太阳敏感器在轨道运行时,容易受到天体的干扰而引起卫星姿态异常。简要介绍了太阳敏感器的工作原理。分析了天体对太阳敏感器的干扰情况。分析表明,敏感器受天体的干扰影响,与天体反射太阳光和入射太阳光在太阳敏感器位置的辐照比值有关。最后,针对可能存在的干扰,提出了相应的防护措施。     

太阳敏感器的原理与技术发展趋势

姿态控制系统是卫星得以持续正常工作的保证。太阳敏感器是卫星姿态控制系统的重要组成部分,所有的卫星都配备有太阳敏感器。简要介绍了太阳敏感器的基本原理和构成,并借介绍几种典型的产品,说明了当前国外太阳敏感器的发展现状。最后对未来太阳敏感器的发展趋势作了简要分析。     

长岭断陷深层烃源岩饱和烃生物标志化合物特征及其地球化学意义

长岭断陷是一个富气凹陷,天然气勘探取得较大突破,其深层发育了优质的烃源岩。对长岭断陷下白垩统沙河子组、营城组烃源岩饱和烃中正构烷烃、类异戊二烯烷烃、甾萜烷类化合物研究结果表明,深层烃源岩有机质热演化程度高,处于高-过成熟阶段,其母质来源比较复杂,既有低等水生生物又有陆源高等植物输入,泥岩形成于微咸水较强还原沉积环境。     

4-RRR冗余并联机构混合驱动与能耗优化

为实现3D打印机对曲面的精细化打印,对3D打印机的喷头结构的快速响应和精确控制提出了更高的要求,为此设计了一种可以实现姿态控制的平面4-RRR冗余并联机构。根据机构的特点,在运动学基础上,利用虚功原理建立该机构的动力学模型,然后以混合驱动方式并借助最小二范数法实现机构等效广义力到轴向驱动力的优化。在此基础上,对驱动力二范数和最小驱动总功率进行优化,分别得到角速度、驱动力与驱动功率变化曲线。结果表明:该机构驱动力二范数解和最小驱动总功率解的差异略小,其驱动电机做功减少了1.17%。结合驱动力二范数、最小驱动总功率的优化结果,选取混合驱动的驱动方式,可以实现冗余并联机构驱动器瞬时驱动力与瞬时驱动功率的均衡,并降低机构运动过程中的功耗,实现3D打印机喷头机构的快速响应。