An attempt to produce ras cheese by direct acidification

Ras cheese was made from cow's milk acidified with either lactic or citric acid to pH 5·8 with and without the addition of GDL to the resultant curd from each acidulant. Also, control Ras cheese was made using lactic starter culture. The cheese made from the direct acidified milk showed slightly higher moisture and salt contents compared with the control. This was associated with slightly lower fat and acid contents. Also, the cheese made by direct acidification contained lower levels of SN, NPN, AN and TVA compared with the control cheese. The direct acidified cheese was characterized by poor body, crumbly texture and weak flavour intensity. Cheese made from citric acid-acidified milk was more acceptable than that made from milk acidified with lactic acid.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetite/Polyvinyl Alcohol Core–Shell Composite Nanoparticles

Magnetite (Fe₃O₄)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) core–shell composite nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using a coprecipitation of ferrous and ferric chloride followed by coating with PVA. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized using X‐ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, X‐ray photo electron spectroscopy, Zeta potential measurements, UV–Vis spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis, and Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM). The average particle size was 13 nm. The presence of characteristic functional groups of PVA around the core of magnetite nanoparticles was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy while the amount of PVA (%) bound to it was estimated by TGA analysis. Zeta potential measurements made by dispersing dilute sonicated samples in a Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS pH 7.4) confirmed that the particles were negatively charged. The stability and retention of the coating material PVA in PBS (pH7.4) over a period of time were substantiated by UV–Vis spectroscopy. Room‐temperature magnetic measurements were made with a VSM which demonstrated the superparamagnetic nature of the particles with higher saturation magnetization of 56.41 emu/g. Furthermore, in vitro cytocompatibility testing of Fe₃O₄/PVA core–shell composite nanoparticles was carried out on human cervix cancer cells. This confirmed a 97% cell viability with no significant cytotoxicity and thereby substantiated their biocompatibility.     

Reducing overhead in movement based dynamic location management scheme for cellular networks

One of the key issues in cellular mobile communication is to find the current location of mobile terminal (MT) to deliver the services, which is called location management (LM). Much research has been done on dynamic LM that reduced the LM cost up to a large extent. In movement based dynamic LM scheme, the location area is defined in the form of ring of cells for individual user. Whenever an MT visits a cell outside of its current location area (LA), it triggers location update (LU). For this purpose, network must inform the mobile terminal about ID of all the cells present in its current location area. In this paper, a simple way of cell-ID assignment is proposed under which, network sends only the ID of center cell of LA ring to MT and then MT can compute IDs of all other cells in its location area. This saves a significant amount of wireless bandwidth by minimizing the signaling traffic at VLR level and thus reduces the mobility management overhead.     

Precision gyro-stabilized platform on the base of gas-static supported gyros

The principles of construction and design features of inertial devices with gas-static support developed for using on booster rockets and space vehicles of different types are set up for the first time. The gyro-stabilized platform of space application created on their base and successfully tested at injection of the heavy telecommunication satellite “Horizon” into geostationary orbit in June 2000, is described. The capability of extension of the field of application of the created means of motion control is underlined.     

Dual plane multiple spatial watermarking with self-encryption

Watermarking has established itself as a promising solution in the context of digital image copyright protection. Frequency domain watermarking is mainly preferred due to associated robustness and perceptual issues but requires a large amount of computation. On the other hand spatial domain watermarking is much faster but lacks when robustness is concerned. In this paper a block based spatial domain watermarking technique for color images is proposed that is fast and robust. Two-way embedding introduced in the paper provides capability to previously estimate perceptual degradation in host image due to watermark embedding. Multiple watermarking in two component images is used to achieve better imperceptibility and better robustness. Self-encryption introduced aims to remove dependency over external secret key however optional encryption with random secret keys is proposed for providing better security. Proposed embedding technique is an effort to achieve proper balance between robustness and quality degradation of image. Experiments suggest proposed method is robust against processing attacks such as spatial filtering transformations image enhancement and loss compression.     

Adaptive Gaussian Quantum based PSO and TSA optimization for parametric Optimizaiton of Toughned glass on Toughening machine

Usually, toughened glasses are used for safer road transport and general purposes. This is because toughened glasses are difficult to break since these types of glasses are four to five times stronger than ordinary glasses. Meanwhile, the compressive strength of the glass needs to be enhanced and tensile strength needs to be minimized to enhance the toughening glass quality. In addition to this, both cutting and machining parameters need to be optimized and validate with the production rate and the company product thus optimizing the production cost. In this paper, the machining and cutting parameters as well as the production cost are optimized using a novel technique named Adaptive Gaussian Quantum behaved Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm and Tunicate Swarm algorithm (AGQPSOA-TS) approach. Here, two different algorithms namely Adaptive Gaussian Quantum behaved Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm and Tunicate Swarm algorithm are integrated and proposed a novel technique named AGQPSOA-TS algorithm. Finally, the experiments are carried out with the aim of enhancing the compressive strength and minimizing the tensile strength of the toughened glass. According to the Indian standards, the thickness and dimensions of the glass workpiece are taken as 5 mm and 200mmx200mm respectively. The comparative evaluations are conducted for compressive strength, tensile strength as well as production cost to depict the efficiency of the proposed system.     

A demand-side planning approach for the commercial sector of developing countries

A methodology is proposed for collecting end-use demand data for devising demand-side management programs in the commercial sector of developing countries. The characteristics of electricity end-uses in this sector are diverse. The end-use data have been collected in one or two segments of the commercial sector for simplicity and to save time and money. In the case of Northern Cyprus, hotels, a segment of this sector, have a high potential for utility load reduction. A survey was conducted in which questions were asked about the installed capacities of water and space heating, cooling, lighting and refrigeration and their time of use. Typical end-use load curves were obtained for the winter and summer seasons. It is estimated that summer peak could be reduced by approximately 11% if the DSM programs, costing just over half-a-million dollars, are adopted.     

Synthesis and characterization of two dimensional graphene lamellae based PAn nanocomposites

Novel room temperature synthesis method for graphene lamellae (GL) has been developed by using wet electrochemical route. Cyclic voltammetry and current transient studies were performed to explore the possibility of periodic precursor intercalation in the graphite. The synthesis parameters have been optimized and discussed. The GL sample quality and its mono-layered nature has been examined by Raman spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy. Polyaniline (PAn) nanocomposite was prepared by in-situ doping/mixing of the two dimensional GL material through a novel electrochemical oxidative polymerization method. I-V characteristics of as prepared GL-PAn nanocomposite exhibits low resistance per unit length. The as prepared GL-PAn nanocomposites further investigated using optical absorption spectroscopy show GL dependent bulk heterostructure charge transfer properties. Prospects of GL-PAn nanocomposites in photovoltaic conversion have also been discussed.     

An Energy-Aware Hybrid Approach for Wireless Sensor Networks Using Re-clustering-Based Multi-hop Routing

In recent years, cloud computing provides a spectacular platform for numerous users with persistent and alternative varying requirements. In the cloud environment, security and service availability are the two most significant factors during the data encryption process. For providing optimal service availability, it is necessary to establish a load balancing technique that is capable of balancing the request from diverse nodes present in the cloud. This paper aims in establishing a dynamic load balancing technique using the APMG approach. Here in this paper, we integrated adaptive neuro-fuzzy interference system-polynomial neural network as well as memory-based grey wolf optimization algorithm for optimal load balancing. The memory-based grey wolf optimization algorithm is employed to enhance the precision of ANFIS-PNN and to maximize the locations of the membership functions respectively. Also, two significant factors namely the turnaround time and CPU utilization involved in optimal load balancing scheme are evaluated. Finally, the performance evaluation of the proposed MG-ANFIS based dynamic load balancing approach is compared with various other load balancing approaches to determine the system performances.