Value chain analysis of bio-coal business in Finland: Perspectives from multiple value chain members

The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive outline of the Value Chain (VC)¹ of bio-coal in Finland, define the proper business models of bio-coal business, and investigate the interrelationships between VC activities. The major findings are: 1) the study found significant interrelationships between support and primary activities in the bio-coal VC which suggest that we should not emphasis only the core value/primary activities of the bio-coal business, but pay more attentions to the “side values”/support activities; 2) The study identified political and environmental factors as the effective drivers, while technology and cost-profit uncertainty as major restrictions for the Finnish bio-coal business. The authors would like to suggest that instead of purely “environmental concerns”, the term “sustainability credentials” should be emphasized, which means value creating and adding items should not limit to monetary values, but consider social and environmental value propositions. 3) The study identified “low competition” in the current bio-coal business in Finland, which implies opportunities of market entrance for Finnish and international companies; 4) The study identified that the current Finnish bio-coal model is the decentralized model at the local level. However, the future Finnish bio-coal model will be a large scaled model, with a focus on export sales.     

基于攻击树的安全芯片穿透性測试评估

随着安全芯片应用范围的不断扩大和应用环境的日趋复杂,需要通过穿透性测试验证芯片的安全性,同时有必要对测试进行评估。为此,提出一种基于攻击树模型的安全芯片穿透性测试评估方法。分析安全芯片的穿透性测试过程,采用攻击树模型作为穿透性测试的描述模型,在此基础上提出攻击事件的多属性赋值方法、攻击代价的推算方法和攻击路径的分析方法。应用结果表明,该方法可准确评估安全芯片穿透性测试结果。     

高能级强夯在湿陷性黄土地区的应用

根据8000、12000kN·m高能级强夯大面积处理地基加固的综合检测试验数据,结合室内试验数据及黄土地区的特殊性,得到了高能级强夯在黄土地区的有效加固深度、湿陷性处理效果;分析了高能级强夯处理湿陷性黄土的加固效果、加固深度及能级变化对地基处理效果的影响。结果表明：该研究为进一步分析高能级强夯的加固机理,尤其在湿陷性黄土地区的加固机理提供了依据,也为高能级强夯的大面积设计、施工和检测提供了优化数据。     

18000kN·m高能级强夯处理深厚填土地基效果检验分析

通过在某沿海碎石回填土地基上国内首次实施18 000 kN.m高能级强夯法加固地基,并分别应用平板载荷试验、超重型动力触探试验、标准贯入试验以及瑞利波试验方法对高能级强夯处理地基进行效果检验及分析,得到了碎石回填土地基上18 000 kN.m高能级强夯的有效加固深度等检测效果,有效加固深度为15.5 m,地基承载力为290 kPa,若用Menard公式计算,其修正系数为0.37,为18 000 kN.m高能级强夯法的参数设计、施工工艺和工程检测提供依据.     

实现特色私车额度拍卖的辅助网上投拍

介绍了私车额度拍卖网上投拍的规则流程,对网拍操作过程进行分析,并结合网上的投拍宝典,分析了编程辅助投拍的可行性。     

Relational-Convergent Transformer for image captioning

Image captioning describes the visual content of a given image by using natural language sentences, and plays a key role in the fusion and utilization of the image features. However, in the existing image captioning models, the decoder sometimes fails to efficiently capture the relationships between image features because of their lack of sequential dependencies. In this paper, we propose a Relational-Convergent Transformer (RCT) network to obtain complex intramodality representations in image captioning. In RCT, a Relational Fusion Module (RFM) is designed for capturing the local and global information of an image by a recursive fusion. Then, a Relational-Convergent Attention (RCA) is proposed, which is composed of a self-attention and a hierarchical fusion module for aggregating global relational information to extract a more comprehensive intramodal contextual representation. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed model, extensive experiments are conducted on the MSCOCO dataset. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms some of the state-of-the-art methods.     

C-Shaped Cartilage Development Using Wharton's Jelly-Derived Hydrogels to Assemble a Highly Biomimetic Neotrachea for use in Circumferential Tracheal Reconstruction

A highly biomimetic neotrachea with C-shaped cartilage rings has promising clinical applications in the treatment of circumferential tracheal defects (CTDs) owing to its structure and physiological function. However, to date, most fabricated tracheal cartilages are O-shaped. In this study, finite element analysis demonstrates C-shaped cartilage rings that exhibit better compliance than O-shaped. Hydrogel is developed using methacryloyl-modified decellularized Wharton's jelly matrix (DWJMA) for the regeneration of C-shaped cartilage rings. This novel hydrogel possesses adjustable physicochemical properties and favorable cytocompatibility. When loaded with chondrocytes, DWJMA hydrogels support the optimal cartilage regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, a highly biomimetic neotrachea simultaneously simulating the structural and physiological properties of the normal trachea is regenerated via modular assembly of several individual C-shaped cartilage rings. The results demonstrate the highly biomimetic neotrachea have better patency (88.6 ± 6.1% vs 74.4 ± 9.4%, p < 0.05), improve the survival rate, alleviate weight loss and mucoid impaction, than its O-shaped counterpart when used for the treatment of CTDs in a rabbit model. Therefore, this study proposes a novel hydrogel for the regeneration of C-shaped cartilage and provides new insights into the treatment of CTDs using a highly biomimetic neotrachea with C-shaped cartilage rings.     

Experimental and computational investigations on fire resistance of GFRP composite for building façade

Composite materials such as glass fibre reinforced polymers (GFRPs) possess the advantages of high strength and stiffness, as well as low density and highly flexible tailoring; therefore, their potential in replacing conventional materials (such as concrete, aluminium and steel) in building façade has become attractive. This paper addresses one of the major issues that hinder the extensive use of composite structures in the high-rise building industry, which is the fire resistance. In this study, a fire performance enhancement strategy for multilayer composite sandwich panels, which are comprised of GFRP composite facets and polyethylene foam core, is proposed with the addition of environmentally friendly, fire retardant unsaturated polyester resins and gel-coats. A series of burning experimental studies including thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and single burning item (SBI) are carried out on the full scale composite sandwich as well as on single constituents, providing information regarding heat release rate, total heat release, fire growth rate, and smoke production. Experimental results are compared with fire safety codes for building materials to identify the key areas for improvements. A fire dynamic numerical model has been developed in this work using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) to simulate the burning process of composite structures in the SBI test. Numerical results of heat production and growth rate are presented in comparison with experimental observations validating the computational model and provide further insights into the fire resisting process. Parametric studies are conducted to investigate the effect of fire retardant additives on the fire performance of the composite sandwich panel leading to optimum designs for the sandwich panel.     

采用支撑后拆法的上海某超深基坑围护结构设计与分析

以上海地区某超深基坑工程为背景,介绍了基坑围护设计中支撑后拆法的应用。对设计及施工中存在的难点进行了分析,并针对性的给出处理、解决方案。对比分析了数值模拟、理论计算结果与工程实测数据,结果较为接近,监测数据无超过报警值情况发生,基坑开挖对周边环境的影响满足规范要求。采用支撑后拆法的基坑围护设计在本基坑工程实践中取得了良好的实施效果,值得在同类工程设计、施工中借鉴和参考。