An ideal topology type convergent theorem on scale effect algebras

The famous Antosik-Mikusinski convergent theorem on the Abel topological groups has very extensive applications in measure theory, summation theory and other analysis fields. In this paper, we establish the theorem on a class of effect algebras equipped with the ideal topology. This paper shows also that the ideal topology of effect algebras is a useful topology in studying the quantum logic the- ory.     

Optimal determination of warranty region for 2D policy: A customers' perspective

Warranty is treated by the manufacturer as a marketing strategy that creates better customer satisfaction, which finally helps to get hold of a bigger market share. The cost incurred towards this service is termed as warranty cost, which is a function of warranty policy and region, product quality and reliability, and the customers' usage pattern. Under the 2D warranty policy, there exists numerous iso-cost regions for any specified value of warranty cost. In this article, we propose a methodology to determine the optimal region when customers' utility is measured by the length of warranty coverage time. It is believed that the results will help the manufacturer to provide improved customer service.     

Molecular imprinting strategy for solvent molecules and its application for QCM-based VOC vapor sensing

Cross-linked polymers made of methyl methacrylate (MMA) as a monomer and divinylbenzene (DVB) as a cross-linking agent were prepared in the presence of toluene or p-xylene as a solvent. The cross-linked polymer prepared in toluene tended to sorb toluene vapor preferably, while the cross-linked polymer prepared in p-xylene sorbed p-xylene vapor preferably. The observed molecular recognition ability can be explained on the bases of an imprinting effect by solvent molecules. Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) powders were blended with PMMA, and the blended films were coated on a piezoelectric quartz crystal with a view to preparing QCM-based VOC sensors. The imprint effect was clearly observed, even in these blended films. The response of the sensor towards toluene or p-xylene vapor was reversible; however, the response time was slow due to the existence of the matrix polymer around the MIP particles.     

Project-based mechanisms for emissions reductions: balancing trade-offs with baselines

Project-based mechanisms for emissions reductions credits, like the Clean Development Mechanism, pose important challenges for policy design because of several inherent characteristics. Participation is voluntary, so it will not occur without sufficient credits. Evaluating reductions requires assigning an emissions baseline for a counterfactual that cannot be measured. Some investments have both economic and environmental benefits and might occur anyway. Uncertainty surrounds both emissions and investment returns, and parties to the project are likely to have more information than the certifying authority. The certifying agent is limited in its ability to design a contract that would reveal investment intentions. As a result, rules for benchmarking emissions may be systematically biased to overallocate, and they also risk creating inefficient investment incentives. This paper evaluates, in a situation with asymmetric information, the efficacy of the main baseline rules currently under consideration: historical emissions, an average industry emissions standard, and expected emissions.     

Effect of high temperature alkali cooking on the constituents,structure and thermal degradation of hemp fiber

Degumming of hemp fiber by high temperature alkali cooking was investigated, and the effect of temperature and dosage of alkali on the constituents, structure, and thermal degradation of hemp fiber was also discussed in this work. The morphology, structure, and thermal degradation of hemp fiber after high temperature cooking were investigated through SEM, FTIR, WAXD, and TG analysis. The results indicated that the high temperature cooking process was effective for removing hemicelluloses and lignin and could also improve the thermal stability of cellulose. Crystallinity index of the treated hemp fiber was increased, which was related to the cooking temperature and NaOH dosage. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

TCP self-clocking and bandwidth sharing

We propose a simple queueing model for TCP transfers sharing a bottleneck link and examine its behavior when the buffer at the bottleneck is large compared to the bandwidth-delay product. This model explains some behaviors of TCP that have already been observed, and predicts other behaviors that are new. We present measurements that demonstrate these behaviors in the current Internet.     

A new finite element formulation based on the velocity of flow for water hammer problems

The primary objective of this paper is to develop a simulation model for the fluid–structure interactions (FSI) that occur in pipeline systems mainly due to transient events such as rapid valve closing. The mathematical formulation is based on waterhammer equations, traditionally used in the literature, coupled with a standard beam formulation for the structure. A new finite element formulation, based on flow velocity, has been developed to deal with the valve closure transient excitation problems. It is shown that depending on the relative time-scales associated with the structure, fluid and excitation forces, there are situations where the structural vibration response increases with FSIs. This is in contrast to what is normally accepted in the literature, i.e. FSI reduces the structural displacements.     

An efficient controller structure with minimum roundoff noise gain

Based on a polynomial operator approach, a new sparse controller structure is derived, which is actually an improved version of the recently proposed structure [Li, G. (2004). A polynomial-operator-based DFIIt structure for IIR filters. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II, 51, 147-151]. The performance of the proposed structure is analyzed by deriving the corresponding expression of roundoff noise gain and the problem of finding optimized sparse structures is solved efficiently with a genetic algorithm (GA). A numerical example is given, which shows that the newly developed structure can achieve much better performance than some well-known structures and particularly outperforms the traditional optimal fully parametrized realization greatly in terms of reducing roundoff noise and implementation complexity.