Lean production system design for fishing net manufacturing using lean principles and simulation optimization

Value stream mapping (VSM) is a useful tool for describing the manufacturing state, especially for distinguishing between those activities that add value and those that do not. It can help in eliminating non-value activities and reducing the work in process (WIP) and thereby increase the service level. This research follows the guidelines for designing future state VSM. These guidelines consist of five factors which can be changed simply, without any investment. These five factors are (1) production unit; (2) pacemaker process; (3) number of batches; (4) production sequence; and (5) supermarket size. The five factors are applied to a fishing net manufacturing system. Using experimental design and a simulation optimizing tool, the five factors are optimized. The results show that the future state maps can increase service level and reduce WIP by at least 29.41% and 33.92% respectively. For the present study, the lean principles are innovatively adopted in solving a fishing net manufacturing system which is not a well-addressed problem in literature. In light of the promising empirical results, the proposed methodologies are also readily applicable to similar industries.     

Comparison of three internationally certified firefighter protective ensembles: Physiological responses,mobility, and comfort

BackgroundFire protective ensembles (FPEs) are essential to safely perform firefighting job tasks; however, they are often burdensome to the workers. The aim of this study was to compare three internationally certified fire protective ensembles from the European Union (EU), South Korea (SK), and United States (US) on physiological responses, mobility, and comfort.MethodsTen male professional firefighters performed a battery of exercises in the laboratory following the ASTM F3031-17 standard to evaluate mobility, occupation-specific performance, and physiological responses (body weight, heart rate (HR), core temperature (T_c), breathing rate (BR), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE)) to 20 min of treadmill walking (3.2 mph, 5% incline). All participants carried out the evaluation wearing each FPE in a random order. Mixed effects models examined time (pre-vs. post-) by ensemble (EU, SK, US) interactions for all physiological variables and compared comfort, performance, and subjective variables across ensembles.ResultsNo interaction effects were observed for body weight, HR, T_c, BR, or RPE (p = 0.890, p = 0.994, p = 0.897, p = 0.435, and p = 0.221; respectively). SK had greater trunk flexion than EU (78.4° vs. 74.6°, p = 0.026) and US had lower standing reach than EU (105.5 cm vs. 115.4 cm, p = 0.004). Agility circuit time was lower in US (9.3 s) compared to EU (9.8 s) or SK (9.9 s) (p = 0.051 and p = 0.019, respectively).ConclusionsThe findings suggest that physiological burden remained largely unchanged across the international FPEs. However, mobility, performance, and comfort may be significantly influenced across types. International stakeholders and end users should consider design implications when choosing fire protective ensembles.     

Investigation of oil palm harvesting tools design and technique on work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the upper body

The oil palm industry is one of the important sectors in Malaysia. The growth and development of this industry shows that Malaysia is the world second-largest oil palm producers. However, in the fresh fruit bunch (FFB) harvesting process, the harvesters are exposed to many types of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). The FFB harvesters tend to develop WMSDs especially the shoulders and trunk. Hence, it is important to identify the exposure levels, awkward postures and the reaction forces of muscle activity based on the posture and movement of the harvesters when using pole, chisel and loading spike during the harvesting process. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the design of oil palm FFB harvesting tools on WMSDs of the upper body. Rapid Upper Limb Analysis (RULA) was used to investigate and assess the exposure level on the harvester body during the harvesting process. The assessment showed that the shoulders and trunk have high exposure level and undergo awkward posture. Human Musculoskeletal Model Analysis (HMMA) was used to identify the reaction force exerted on the muscle during the FFB harvesting process. In this study, 4 muscles were analysed including Triceps, Biceps, Erector Spinae and Psoas Major. The highest reaction force of 16.36 N was found on the left triceps when handling a loading spike. In conclusion, it is important to address the risks by reviewing all possible aspects that contribute to the WMSDs and interventions on the tool design, task and working shifts may be required.     

基于影视剧《长安十二时辰》管窥盛唐男装

《长安十二时辰》是一部唐代背景古装剧,其男装服饰设计基于历史,可为戏服研究所借鉴。文章基于《长安十二时辰》影视、小说及相关文史资料,运用图像学原理,对该剧的影视男装进行探析。研究认为:《长安十二时辰》中的男装设计可圈可点,无论是款式、色彩还是图案甚至服饰搭配都较为严格遵循唐代服饰制度,整体上符合唐代服饰特点;《长安十二时辰》中的部分服饰细节上仍有错误,如李必冠帽的使用上,但瑕不掩瑜;《长安十二时辰》中胡服的设计和使用在颜色和图案乃至穿用人群上都较为灵活,表现了唐代文化的兼容并蓄。     

A novel approach for fit analysis of thermal protective clothing using three-dimensional body scanning

The garment fit played an important role in protective performance, comfort and mobility. The purpose of this study is to quantify the air gap to quantitatively characterize a three-dimensional (3-D) garment fit using a 3-D body scanning technique. A method for processing of scanned data was developed to investigate the air gap size and distribution between the clothing and human body. The mesh model formed from nude and clothed body was aligned, superimposed and sectioned using Rapidform software. The air gap size and distribution over the body surface were analyzed. The total air volume was also calculated. The effects of fabric properties and garment size on air gap distribution were explored. The results indicated that average air gap of the fit clothing was around 25–30 mm and the overall air gap distribution was similar. The air gap was unevenly distributed over the body and it was strongly associated with the body parts, fabric properties and garment size. The research will help understand the overall clothing fit and its association with protection, thermal and movement comfort, and provide guidelines for clothing engineers to improve thermal performance and reduce physiological burden.     

Synthesis of a novel water-soluble crosslinking polymeric dye with good dyeing properties

A novel yellow polymeric dye was synthesized by the reaction of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene with polyallylamine prepared from the homopolymerization of monoallylammonium chloride. The structure of the polymeric dye was characterized by using IR, UV–visible, TLC and ¹H NMR analysis, and the λ_max of this polymeric dye in water is 361 nm. The effects of the concentration of amino group, the mole ratio of Na₂CO₃ to amino group, the reaction temperature, and the reaction time of the reaction are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the silk and cotton dyed with this polymeric dye were fixed by the use of crosslinking agent, 2-chloro-4,6-di(aminobenzene-4′-β-sulphatoethylsulphone)-1,3,5-s-triazine, they have high fixation and the polymeric dye shows very good fastness to washing and rubbing.     

信管专业网络工程实践教学课程体系建设方案的探讨

针对实践教学在培养信管专业应用与创新人才方面具有的重要的作用,文章分析了信管专业网络工程实践教学课程体系的层次与内容、课程设置和教学过程中所遇到的问题,并提出解决应用型本科地方高等院校中信管专业网络工程实践教学课程体系建设方案的一种可行性思路。     

低温促染剂的制备及在羊毛染色中的应用

采用丙烯酸类、硅类化合物合成制备了一种低温促染剂,并分别应用于羊毛纤维的低温染色和常规沸染,测试了上染率、皂洗牢度、摩擦牢度等技术指标. 结果表明:在85 ℃下染色,当促染剂用量为1.5%(o.w.f)时,染料上染率、色牢度等指标均达到常规沸染水平,而纤维损伤则大大低于常规沸染.     

Bezier三角曲面凸性的证明

Bezier曲面造型是计算机图形学的重要研究方向,在实际工作中有着非常广泛的应用.讨论了二次及三次Bezier三角曲面凸性的充分必要条件,这些条件对于控制曲面造型中的保凸性有重要意义.