Investigation of a miniature centrifugal fan

A centrifugal fan was designed with a matching centrifugal volute flow channel in order to investigate a numerical simulation with prototype manufacturing, and to compare with experimental results. The fan configuration was developed according to a fan-design theorem. A model P-60 turbojet engine compressor blade design was adopted for the fan aerodynamic analysis and design. The results were verified using the STAR-CD code. Also, based on the findings, a miniature centrifugal fan was designed and manufactured using a CNC five axes machine. The P–Q performance curves were tested using an AMCA standard 210-85 test chamber apparatus. From the numerical analysis results, the pressure on the suction and pressure surfaces will increase gradually from the inlet to one-half the distance of the hub’s camber line, however, it will increase more rapidly afterwards. In addition, stress-concentration phenomenon occurred at the tip of the suction and pressure surfaces. In other words, the tip was more prone to damage when the fan was operated. Experiments show that the designed fan maximum flow rate Q and static pressure P were 32% and 59%, respectively, which were lower than the commercial fan data at 2000 rpm rotational speed. However, when the rotational speed was increased to 4000 rpm, the maximum flow rate Q and static pressure P were increased to 38% and 82%. This study concluded that a centrifugal fan’s static pressure at high rotational speed is higher than that of an axial-flow fan. Therefore, a centrifugal fan should be chosen if high static pressure cooling or blowing is required. This advanced research investigation is to build up the capabilities of design, analysis, manufacturing, and measurement of a centrifugal fan with an outer diameter smaller than 10 cm.     

Simulation and optimization of SOFC-BCHP system

As the prime motor of dispersed energy system, the high-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are high efficient with large heat recovery. This study presents a simulation of SOFC building-based cooling, heat and power (BCHP) system, which can meet basic requirements in power and heating (cooling) of the designated customers. The peak power load can be met by power grid, while the peak heating (cooling) load requirement can be met by backup equipments. In order to solve the economic dispatch problem of the energy system, a restricted nonlinear optimization model has been developed. The production costs can be minimized via both the equality constraints of customer’s heat and power demands, and other inequality constrains of equipments’ capacities. The sequential quadratic programming method has been used to search the solution. The study indicates that the model can be used to optimize the system’s capacities and run strategy. An office building case has been computed, and it is indicated that the model can be served in design and optimization of SOFC-BCHP system.     

Characterization of NOM and THM formation potential in eutrophic reservoir water

Resin adsorption technique with XAD-8 and XAD-4 was used to characterize the raw water from Erlong reservoir in Jilin province of China. The NOM chemical composition sequences of four organic fractions in the raw water,from high to low,are fulvic acid (FA) fraction,hydrophilic non-acid (HPINA) fraction,hydrophilic acid (HPIA) fraction,and humic acid (HA) fraction. Experimental results show that FA is the main precursor of THMFP among the four organic fractions. However,HA or hydrophobic acid exhibits the highest chlorination activity in forming THMs. It is also found that the value of FI/DOC or SUVA and the specific THMFP have better positive correlation. It is implied that certain source water has unique nature of NOM and DBPs.     

Performance of Sewage Sludge Treatment and Electricity Generation by Different Configuration Microbial Fuel Cells

This paper compared the degradation efficiency of sludge organic matters and electric-production by two typical microbial fuel cells——dual-chamber microbial fuel cell(DMFC)and single chamber air cathode microbial fuel cell(SAMFC),and the variations of sludge protein,polysaccharide and ammonia nitrogen within the systems were also investigated.The results showed that the concentration of sludge soluble chemical oxygen demand,protein and carbohydrate of DMFC are higher than these of SAMFC during the systems operation,while DMFC can achieve a better ammonia nitrogen removal than SAMFC.Under the same operation condition,the stable voltage output of DMFC and SAMFC is 0.61 V and 0.37 V;the maximum power density of DMFC and SAMFC is 2.79 W/m3and 1.25 W/m3;TCOD removal efficiency of DMFC and SAMFC is 34.14%and 28.63%for 12 d,respectively.Meanwhile,DMFC has a higher coulomb efficiency than SAMFC,but both are less than5%.The results showed that DMFC present a better performance on sludge degradation and electric-production.     

除铁除锰生物滤层内铁的氧化去除机制探讨

通过实验室的模拟滤拄实验说明了弱曝气条件下,空气接触氧化除铁的极限浓度为22~23mg/L.成熟生物滤层内铁、锰氧化细菌的营养需求研究表明:滤层内生存的铁、锰氧化细菌属贫营养细菌,对铁的营养需求极低,但对锰的需求量很大.因此,可以推断,成熟生物滤层内,极少部分铁发生的是生物氧化而大部分铁仍是通过化学氧化而去除的.     

污水处理排放水对小流量河流水体生态的影响

针对日本国鬼怒河流域小流量河流,通过对河床上附着生物膜的组成、底栖生物、细菌活性分析和AGP试验,研究了污水厂二级处理排放水对小流量河流生态的影响.研究表明,当污水厂二级处理排放水占河流流量比例较大时(研究河流所占比例为35%),同样会引发河流富营养化和影响河流水体的生态.因此,从保护水环境及其生态考虑,有必要对污水进行深度处理.     

电控反冲SMBR处理中药废水试验研究

采用简单的水解酸化预处理与自行研发的好氧电控反冲SMBR相结合的工艺,进行了处理富含甙类物质的中药废水的试验研究.结果表明,当进水COD为1 090.1 mg/L,反冲时间为5m in,平均HRT为5.97h时,工艺系统COD平均去除率为89.4%,出水COD浓度达GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》医药原料药工业污水二级排放标准,证明该工艺用于处理中等浓度的中药废水是可行的.     

给水管网中可生物降解溶解性有机碳的变化

以地表水为水源的水厂及相对应的给水管网为对象,研究可生物降解溶解性有机碳(BDOC)的变化及主要影响因素.结果表明:在给水管网中BDOC的变化是余氯和细菌总数两个因素相互制约的结果;同时,水温也是一个很重要的因素,不同的季节BDOC的变化趋势也不同.     

好氧堆肥化中堆体理论供氧模式

生活垃圾与粪便好氧堆肥过程中,满足微生物对氧的需求是必要的,因此,供氧量和供氧模式的研究具有重要的意义.通过分析堆肥体系的热力学性质,建立堆体的热平衡方程,得出1 m3好氧堆体理论供气量为0.166 m3/m in.同时,在外界供氧和微生物耗氧的基础上,建立系统动态供氧的理论模型,得出理论供氧方程和耗氧方程.并通过这两个方程建立好氧堆体的理论供氧模式,即连续供气14 m in后停止供气11 m in.最后通过1 m3堆体在不同供氧方式下,温度变化的实验结果,证明理论供氧模式的合理性.     

Micromechanical modeling of the influence of material properties on moisture-induced damage in asphalt mixtures

This paper presents analysis of the effects of mechanical and physical material properties and loading conditions on the response of asphalt mixtures subjected to moisture diffusion processes. The analysis was conducted by using a finite element micromechanical model which couples the effects of moisture transport and mechanical loading. The maximum total force of resistance offered by the asphalt mixture microstructure model for a simulated displacement controlled load in the presence and absence of moisture was used as an indicator of its susceptibility to moisture damage. The results suggest that the diffusion coefficient of the asphalt matrix and aggregates, as well as the bond strength of the aggregate–matrix interface have the most influence on the moisture susceptibility of the materials.