Topology optimization of stiffened plate/shell structures based on adaptive morphogenesis algorithm

This article proposes an adaptive morphogenesis algorithm to design stiffened plate/shell structures in a growth manner. The idea of this work is inspired by researches in leaf venation which indicates that the adaptive growth of leaf vein provides the relatively large structure with an effective reinforcement. This excellent performance is regarded as the contribution of two primary morphological features: branching and hierarchy. To apply the growth mechanism of leaf venation into stiffened plate/shell structures, a mathematical model describing the growth process is established. Based on this, the adaptive morphogenesis algorithm is developed to make stiffeners “grow” step by step. Besides, the “stiffness transforming operation”, a numerical treatment, is introduced to enable stiffeners to grow along arbitrary directions in the FEM model, which guarantees the design more optimized than previous methods. To obtain a further verification of the proposed method, a comparison between the proposed method and three typical methods is implemented. This comparison shows that the proposed method endows the designed object with a more excellent performance than others. Therefore, the proposed method is competent in the stiffened plate/shell structure design.     

考虑随机风压场非高斯特性的大跨度膜屋盖风振响应

作用于大跨度膜屋盖结构上的随机风压场在统计意义上由高斯和非高斯区域构成。基于零记忆非线性转化法理论,提出了这种混合随机风压场的模拟方法,算例表明,生成的随机风压场样本能准确描述实验数据的各项统计特性。将生成的样本和利用传统方法生成的高斯随机风压样本作用于某膜屋盖结构,经风振时域分析后发现,高斯随机风压激励下结构部分构件的响应值比非高斯随机风压激励下的响应值低,这表明,随机风压荷载的非高斯特性不容忽视。文章还给出了结构不同构件的整体风振响应系数。     

GA-fuzzy control of smart base isolated benchmark building using supervisory control technique

The effectiveness of a supervisory fuzzy control technique for reduction of seismic response of a smart base isolation system is investigated in this study. To this end, a first generation, base isolated, benchmark building is employed for numerical simulation. The benchmark structure under consideration has eight stories and an irregular plan. Furthermore it is equipped with low damping elastomeric bearings and magnetorheological (MR) dampers for seismic protection. The proposed control technique employs a hierarchical structure of fuzzy logic controllers (FLC) consisting of two lower-level controllers (sub-FLC) and a higher-level supervisory controller. One sub-FLC has been optimized for near-fault earthquakes and the other sub-FLC is well-suited for far-fault earthquakes. These sub-FLCs are optimized by use of a multi-objective genetic algorithm. Four objectives, i.e. reduction of peak superstructure acceleration, peak isolation system deformation, RMS superstructure acceleration and RMS isolation system deformation are used in a multi-objective optimization process. When an earthquake is applied to the benchmark building, each of the sub-FLCs provides different command voltages for the semi-active controllers and the supervisory fuzzy controller appropriately combines the two command voltages based on a fuzzy inference system in real time. Results from numerical simulations demonstrate that isolation system deformation as well as superstructure responses can be effectively reduced using the proposed supervisory fuzzy control technique in comparison with a sample clipped optimal controller.     

实时往复大变形下铅芯橡胶隔震支座力学性能试验研究

针对铅芯橡胶隔震支座在大变形多次实时往复荷载下力学性能退化问题,采用足尺铅芯橡胶隔震支座,通过高速压剪试验设备,对铅芯橡胶隔震支座进行了基本竖向力学性能试验、基本水平力学性能试验、多次不同大变形下实时加载水平力学性能试验,试验结果显示：铅芯橡胶隔震支座在实时往复多次大变形下,随着加载圈数的增加,隔震支座屈服力急剧下降,支座耗能能力降低,到试验结束时屈服力平均下降46.1%,加载圈数对屈服后刚度影响相对较小;实时往复大变形下测得的铅芯橡胶隔震支座屈服力在第2圈以后均小于采用国家标准试验方法得到的屈服力,试验结束时屈服力小于国家标准测到屈服力的43.8%,国家标准试验方法测得的屈服力与实际地震下铅芯橡胶隔震支座的屈服力相比偏小;铅芯橡胶隔震支座实时多次往复变形对其竖向刚度基本没有影响;铅芯橡胶隔震支座在实时往复大变形试验时其力学性能退化,静置一段时间后,其性能基本又恢复到实时往复大变形试验前的状态。     

地铁运营诱发振动实测及传播规律

对某地铁3处典型路段的地铁运营诱发振动进行了实测,分析了其特点和衰减规律,得到了如下一些结果:地铁运营诱发振动的60-80 Hz分量较大,传到建筑物的振动以20 Hz以内的低频振动为主;垂直分量较水平方向衰减慢,且垂直分量振动幅度显著高于水平分量;不同地质条件对地铁运营诱发振动的传播影响较大; 离开隧道轴线一定距离存在一个振动放大区,此距离与地层条件、隧道埋深和振源机制有关．本文实测条件下, 这一距离为20-30 m;振动放大区能量主要集中在10 Hz以内,高频振动分量总的趋势是随距离的增大而衰减, 但某些高频振动分量在某些地质条件下同样会出现反弹情况．最后根据实测数据提出了预测地铁运营引起环境振动的统计回归公式,可为预测或估计地铁运营诱发的环境振动以及地面建筑的防振减振控制提供参考．     

超高层钢骨混凝土结构设计及试验研究

介绍了超高层钢骨混凝土结构的设计和特点,制作了1∶20比例的模型,进行了振动台试验。根据试验结果,通过相似关系得到原型结构在地震作用下的动力特性与反应,随着地震作用的不断增强,结构的整体刚度不断递减,从而确定结构的薄弱部位,为超高层钢骨混凝土结构合理进行结构设计提出了参考建议。     

黏滞阻尼器-基础隔震混合体系优化研究

针对隔震层设置黏滞阻尼器的基础隔震结构,提出了非支配排序遗传算法-Ⅱ(NSGA-Ⅱ)的黏滞阻尼器的参数多目标优化方法。采用Bouc-Wen模型模拟隔震层的力-变形行为,建立受控结构运动方程,并进行非线性时程分析,选用隔震层位移及上部结构顶部相对隔震层位移为优化目标,采用NSGA-Ⅱ遗传算法优化得Pareto最优前沿解集。以某六层基础隔震结构为例进行数值分析,通过分析隔震层振动响应的快速傅里叶变换(FFT)谱及反应谱,以及通过调整优化目标的约束条件及参数的优化范围,利用NSGA-Ⅱ算法获得了较为集中的阻尼器参数分布,然后通过其它地震波验证了黏滞阻尼器的减震效果。结果表明,优化所得阻尼器能有效减少了隔震层的位移;当优化所得阻尼器对上部结构地震响应不利时,可通过降低阻尼器的减震效果使上部结构地震响应控制在合理范围内;不同地震波作用下阻尼器减震效果存在差异,在第一周期范围内,当隔震层的激励频率趋向低频时,阻尼器对隔震层位移控制效果越好;阻尼器减震效果与隔震层的附加阻尼有关,提供过大的附加阻尼比对上部结构较高阶动力反应不利;设计者基于隔震层位移控制的阀值及缩小的阻尼器参数优化范围,可获得应用于实际工程的阻尼器参数。     

Multi-objective variance control of structural vibration

A procedure for the design of state feedback controller for seismic-excited structures is presented in this paper.The external exciting-controlled structure-control system was simulated using state space model.Based on the convex optimization technology and variance control theorem,the general expression of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) for state feedback controller with closed-loop poles and the steady variance responses constrained were deduced,in which the poles and variance response of system were guaranteed to satisfy certain constraints assigned in advance.LMI Toolbox of MATALB was employed for optimizing the state feedback controller.At last,a three-story simple lumped mass shear model was used to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.     

基于试验的串联隔震体系加固方法分析

以串联隔震体系的振动台试验为背景,分析了串联隔震体系模型的破坏现象。根据其破坏的特点,用有限元软件MARC对采用外包钢法加固的串联隔震体系进行了分析,研究了5种加固方案下串联隔震体系及钢筋混凝土柱的荷载和位移关系,探讨了加固长度对钢筋混凝土柱破坏时铅芯橡胶支座变形的影响。研究表明:串联隔震体系试验模型的破坏主要表现为钢筋混凝土柱的混凝土开裂和钢筋的屈服。采用外包钢法加固能明显提高串联隔震体系的抗震能力,随着加固长度的增大,抗震能力逐渐提高。当以铅芯橡胶支座的极限变形和钢筋混凝土柱的屈服为设计目标时,串联隔震体系的加固长度存在最优值,本试验模型的合理加固长度比约为0.2。     

多点激励下隔震桥梁非线性随机振动的时域显式迭代模拟法

由于地震动的随机性与空间变异性、隔震支座的非线性特征及其安装数目少的特点,隔震桥梁地震响应分析是一典型的多输入局部非线性随机振动问题。采用Bouc-Wen模型描述隔震支座的非线性恢复力,建立多点地震激励下隔震桥梁结构的运动方程,并将得到的非线性运动方程改写为关于状态变量的拟线性方程,基于精细时程积分法和龙格-库塔法构造拟线性方程及隔震支座滞回位移方程的时域显式降维迭代求解格式。再以此高效算法为基础,应用随机模拟法计算多点激励下隔震桥梁随机地震响应的统计量。数值算例表明,所建立的方法计算速度快、精度高,可用于实际桥梁结构的抗震性能验算。