大气信道下窄线宽激光器对相干通信系统性能影响研究

在空间下行相干激光通信系统中,激光器的线宽大小会影响通信系统的性能,而窄线宽激光器能有效降低激光器线宽引起的激光器相位噪声,目前已经成为相干激光通信系统的首选。光信号在大气信道传输时,大气湍流会引起光信号强度和相位的波动,从而进一步影响系统的通信性能。针对上述问题,基于四相移键控(Quadri Phase Shift Keying, QPSK)通信系统的工作原理,进一步考虑窄线宽激光器线宽和大气湍流引起的光信号强度和相位的波动,给出了空间下行QPSK通信系统误码率模型。并基于该模型,数值仿真分析了窄线宽激光器对空间下行相干激光通信系统性能的影响。结果表明：大气湍流不仅严重影响系统性能,也会弱化激光器线宽对系统性能的影响。而对于大气湍流影响而言,其引起的相位波动要大于光强波动的影响。此外,随着通信速率增大,激光器线宽对于系统性能影响也会随之降低。文中对于空间下行相干激光通信系统的优化设计和调试具有一定的实际参考意义。     

Electrical Dynamic Switching of Magnetic Plasmon Resonance Based on Selective Lithium Deposition

Active plasmonic nanostructures have garnered considerable interest in physics, chemistry, and material science due to the dynamically switchable capability of plasmonic responses. Here, the first electrically dynamic control of magnetic plasmon resonance (MPR) through structure transformation by selective deposition of lithium on a metal–insulator–metal (MIM) structure is reported. Distinct optical switching between MPR and surface plasmon polariton (SPP) excitations can be enabled by applying a proper electrical current to the electrochemical cell. Furthermore, the structure transformation through lithium metal deposition indicates the reconfigurable MPR excitation in a full cycling of the charging and discharging process. The results may shed light on electrically compatible self-powered active plasmonics as well as nondestructive optical sensing for electrochemical evolution.     

Autonomous Self-Sustained Liquid Crystal Actuators Enabling Active Photonic Applications

Advances in biomimicry have led to the rise of advanced robotics, posing promising revolutions across a variety of fields. Programmable self-sustained actuation in nature, such as human's heart beating, bird's wingbeats, and penguin's waddling, are intriguing and inspiring but challenging for device innovation, which hinders the emergence of autonomous self-feedback applications, especially in optics and photonics. Herein, the design, fabrication, and operation of crosslinked liquid crystal actuators are described that combine the programming of microstructures and the engineering of macroscopic shape morphing for active optics and photonics. The actuators consist of twisted nematic liquid crystal molecules with both elastic and optical anisotropies, resulting in large bending deformations in response to heat. Programmable bending motions and self-sustained waddling oscillations are demonstrated, further contributing to the achievements of dynamic 2D beam steering and self-sustained light field modulation. It is envisioned that these actuators with self-sustained performances without requiring turning the stimulus on-off will find applications in autonomous active optical systems, photonic applications, as well as self-governing robotics with the core feature of thermo-mechanical-optical transduction.     

Liquid-Crystal-Mediated Geometric Phase: From Transmissive to Broadband Reflective Planar Optics

Planar optical elements that can manipulate the multidimensional physical parameters of light efficiently and compactly are highly sought after in modern optics and nanophotonics. In recent years, the geometric phase, induced by the photonic spin–orbit interaction, has attracted extensive attention for planar optics due to its powerful beam shaping capability. The geometric phase can usually be generated via inhomogeneous anisotropic materials, among which liquid crystals (LCs) have been a focus. Their pronounced optical properties and controllable and stimuli-responsive self-assembly behavior introduce new possibilities for LCs beyond traditional panel displays. Recent advances in LC-mediated geometric phase planar optics are briefly reviewed. First, several recently developed photopatterning techniques are presented, enabling the accurate fabrication of complicated LC microstructures. Subsequently, nematic LC-based transmissive planar optical elements and chiral LC-based broadband reflective elements are reviewed systematically. Versatile functionalities are revealed, from conventional beam steering and focusing, to advanced structuring. Combining the geometric phase with structured LC materials offers a satisfactory platform for planar optics with desired functionalities and drastically extends exceptional applications of ordered soft matter. Some prospects on this rapidly advancing field are also provided.     

Photoprogrammable Mesogenic Soft Helical Architectures: A Promising Avenue toward Future Chiro-Optics

Mesogenic soft materials, having single or multiple mesogen moieties per molecule, commonly exhibit typical self-organization characteristics, which promotes the formation of elegant helical superstructures or supramolecular assemblies in chiral environments. Such helical superstructures play key roles in the propagation of circularly polarized light and display optical properties with prominent handedness, that is, chiro-optical properties. The leveraging of light to program the chiro-optical properties of such mesogenic helical soft materials by homogeneously dispersing photosensitive chiral material into an achiral soft system or covalently connecting photochromic moieties to the molecules has attracted considerable attention in terms of materials, properties, and potential applications and has been a thriving topic in both fundamental science and application engineering. State-of-the-art technologies are described in terms of the material design, synthesis, properties, and modulation of photoprogrammable chiro-optical mesogenic soft helical architectures. Additionally, the scientific issues and technical problems that hinder further development of these materials for use in various fields are outlined and discussed. Such photoprogrammable mesogenic soft helical materials are competitive candidates for use in stimulus-controllable chiro-optical devices with high optical efficiency, stable optical properties, and easy miniaturization, facilitating the future integration and systemization of chiro-optical chips in photonics, photochemistry, biomedical engineering, chemical engineering, and beyond.     

Tuning Strain Stiffening of Protein Hydrogels by Charge Modification

Strain-stiffening properties derived from biological tissue have been widely observed in biological hydrogels and are essential in mimicking natural tissues. Although strain-stiffening has been studied in various protein-based hydrogels, effective approaches for tuning the strain-stiffening properties of protein hydrogels have rarely been explored. Here, we demonstrated a new method to tune the strain-stiffening amplitudes of protein hydrogels. By adjusting the surface charge of proteins inside the hydrogel using negatively/positively charged molecules, the strain-stiffening amplitudes could be quantitively regulated. The strain-stiffening of the protein hydrogels could even be enhanced 5-fold under high deformations, while the bulk property, recovery ability and biocompatibility remained almost unchanged. The tuning of strain-stiffening amplitudes using different molecules or in different protein hydrogels was further proved to be feasible. We anticipate that surface charge adjustment of proteins in hydrogels represents a general principle to tune the strain-stiffening property and can find wide applications in regulating the mechanical behaviors of protein-based hydrogels.     

（英）基于热释电红外探测器的人体定位技术

提出了一种热释电红外探测器视场调制策略。此策略能够提高人体定位分辨率,并且不会降低探测器的探测距离。对于此策略,热释电红外探测器的视场被遮光板调制,且调制后的探测器视场相互重叠交错形成一些采样区域。为了验证此策略,制作了包含九个热释电红外探测器的人体定位节点,节点中所有调制后的探测器视场角均为36°,每一个采样区域的角度均为4°。如果受测者在一个采样区域中运动,对应的热释电红外探测器将被触发,至少需要两个人体定位节点才能实现人体定位。根据节点中热释电红外探测器的状态,能够估计人体的位置。实验中,在600 cm×600 cm的方形区域内设置两个人体定位节点,使用最小二乘法估计理论误差,其最大理论误差为70 c m。实验中估计了八个人体位置,将所有的估计位置点连接起来形成估计路径。估计路径与预设路径十分接近。实验中的最小和最大定位误差分别为4.42 cm和16.91 cm。     

Review:Chromatic Dispersion Manipulation Based on Optical Metasurfaces

综述：基于光学超表面的色散操控

付博妍^1,2,邹秀娟^1,2,李涛^1,2,3,王漱明^1,2,3*,王振林^1,2,祝世宁^1,2,3*

(1.南京大学 工程与应用科学学院 物理学院 固体微观结构国家实验室,南京210093; 2.南京大学先进微观结构协同创新中心,南京210093; 3.教育部智能光学传感与操作教育部重点实验室,南京210093)

中文说明：

超表面是密集排列的二维(2D)人工平面超材料,它可以通过精确控制散射光的相位来控制光的偏振、分布和振幅。这种平面的超表面有可能极大地减少结构的厚度和复杂性,并可能使器件更容易制造和集成。然而,由于天线的共振色散和固有色散引起的超表面的色差限制了其质量。近年来,如何有效地抑制或控制超透镜的色差引起了世界各国的关注,并取得了一系列优异的成果。此外,利用超表面的色散实现特殊功能也具有重要意义。这篇综述重点介绍了基于光学超表面材料色散操控的最新研究成果。

关键词: 超表面,色差调控,消色差超透镜

     

Monolithic integrated resonant tunneling diode and heterostructure junction field effect transistor circuits

We have developed a simple technology for monolithic integration of resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) and heterostructure junction-modulated field effect transistors (HJFETs). We have achieved good device performance with this technology: HJFETs had transconductances of 290 mS/mm and current densities of 310 mA/mm for a 1.5 μm gate length; RTDs had room temperature peak to valley ratios greater than 20:1 with current densities of 42 kA/cm². With this technology, we have demonstrated a monolithically integrated RTD + HJFET state holding circuit that can serve as a building block circuit for self-timed logic units. This circuit is resistor-free and operates at room temperature. The state holding circuit showed large noise margins of 1.21 V and 0.71 V, respectively, for input low and input high, for a 1.7 V input voltage swing. We have examined the transient response of the circuit and investigated the effect of circuit design parameters on propagation delay. We identify the RTD valley current as the limiting factor on propagation delay. We discuss the suitability of RTD + HJFET circuits such as our state holding circuit for highly dense integrated circuits.     

机翼模型应变场分布式光纤监测与重构方法

针对飞行器机翼结构应变场重构问题,提出了一种基于分布式光纤传感器与模态叠加原理相结合的大展弦比机翼缩比模型应变场监测与重构方法。借助ANSYS有限元分析软件,数值模拟得到大展弦比机翼缩比模型在不同载荷下应变分布与应变模态振型。在此基础上,通过在大展弦比铝合金机翼缩比模型展向设置光纤Bragg光栅传感器,实时采集应变分布与变化信息,结合数值仿真得到机翼模型应变模态振型,重构机翼缩比模型应变场分布,应变反演平均误差约为7%。研究结果表明,本研究方法具有非视觉测量、实时性好以及反演精度较高等优点,能够为及时准确获取飞行器翼面应变场分布信息,进而实现机翼气动载荷计算与疲劳寿命预测提供技术支撑。