Effect of Cu addition on microstructures and tensile properties of high-pressure die-casting Al-5.5Mg-0.7Mn alloy

In this study, Cu was added into the high-pressure die-casting Al-5.5Mg-0.7Mn (wt%) alloy to improve the tensile properties. The effects of Cu addition on the microstructures, mechanical properties of the Al-5.5Mg-0.7Mn alloys under both as-cast and T5 treatment conditions have been investigated. Additions of 0.5 wt%, 0.8 wt% and 1.5 wt% Cu can lead to the formation of irregular-shaped Al₂CuMg particles distributed along the grain boundaries in the as-cast alloys. Furthermore, the rest of Cu can dissolve into the matrixes. The lath-shaped Al₂CuMg precipitates with a size of 15–20 nm × 2–4 nm were generated in the T5-treated Al-5.5Mg-0.7Mn-xCu (x = 0.5, 0.8, 1.5 wt%) alloys. The room temperature tensile and yield strengths of alloys increase with increasing the content of Cu. Increasing Cu content results in more Al₂CuMg phase formation along the grain boundaries, which causes more cracks during tensile deformation and lower ductility. Al-5.5Mg-0.7Mn-0.8Cu alloy exhibits excellent comprehensive tensile properties under both as-cast and T5-treated conditions. The yield strength of 179 MPa, the ultimate tensile strength of 303 MPa and the elongation of 8.7% were achieved in the as-cast Al-5.5Mg-0.7Mn-0.8Cu alloy, while the yield strength significantly was improved to 198 MPa after T5 treatment.     

Design and implementation of light-weight mobile multicast for fast MIPv6

Mobile multicast is a research hotspot and can provide many applications. Some mobile multicast schemes have been proposed, but most of them introduce new entities and study construction algorithms of the dynamic multicast delivery structure which is heavyweight for wireless devices. In this paper, we propose a light-weight mobile multicast (LMM) scheme for Fast Mobile IPv6 which reduces the redundant operational overhead by simplifying multicast listener discovery (MLD) proxying. The LMM scheme implements simplified MLD proxying function on home agent to reduce the complicated multicast routing protocol and modifies MLD host part function on mobile node to reduce the multicast membership messages interaction. In order to solve the tunnel convergence problem, LMM also introduces a multicast tunnel combination and reconstruction algorithm. We set up a test-bed to evaluate the performance of LMM, and compare it with other mobile multicast schemes. The experimental results show that LMM reduces the multicast disruption time at handover. Based on the experimental results, we analyze the cost of LMM, and the results show that it has lower protocol cost than other schemes.     

Role of WC additive on reaction,solid-solution and densification in HfB2–SiC ceramics

A comparative study of phase components and compositions was performed for the pressureless sintered HfB₂–SiC–WC composites by various analytical methods. The relative decrease of HfB₂ phase leads to a new reaction of HfO₂ removal by WC to create B₂O₃. By using SiC instead of Si₃N₄ as milling medium, the WB phase was suppressed to the trace level while the W solid-solution in HfB₂ phase was favored. The W solution in both the primary HfB₂ and resultant HfC phases indicates that the WC additive was involved throughout the sintering process by dissolving into sintering liquid, which remains at the intergranular regions to form amorphous oxides as well as trace W-rich phases. This is effectively a reactive liquid-phase sintering to realize the reaction, solid-solution and densification collectively to achieve a designable HfB₂–SiC–HfC composite by pressureless sintering, which may also be extended to other sintering methods.     

不同氩气气压下钒靶HIPIMS放电特性的演变

目的以V靶为例,研究高功率脉冲磁控溅射(HIPIMS)放电时不同工作气压下靶脉冲电流及等离子体发射光谱的表现形式和演变规律,为HIPIMS技术的进一步广泛应用提供理论依据。方法利用数字示波器采集HIPIMS脉冲放电电流波形,并利用发射光谱仪记录不同放电状态下的光谱谱线,分析不同气压下V靶HIPIMS放电特性的演变规律。同时,利用HIPIMS技术成功制备了V膜,并利用扫描电子显微镜观察了V膜的截面形貌。结果不同氩气气压下,随着靶脉冲电压的增加,靶电流峰值、靶电流平台值及靶电流平均值均单调增加,而且增加的速度越来越快,但靶电流峰值的增加速度明显高于平台值,这是由于脉冲峰值电流由气体放电决定所致。不同气压下,Ar0、Ar+、V0和V+四种谱线峰的光谱强度均随靶电压的增加而增加,相同靶电压时,其光谱强度随着气压的增加而增加。当气压为0.9 Pa、靶电压为610 V时,Ar和V的离化率分别为78%和35%。此外,利用HIPIMS技术制备的V膜光滑、致密,无柱状晶生长形貌特征。结论较高的工作气压和靶脉冲电压有利于获得较高的系统粒子离化率,但HIPIMS放电存在不稳定性。合适的工作气压是获得优质膜层的关键。     

Recent progress in coatings and methods of Ni-rich LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode materials: A short review

LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ (NCM811) is a typical nickel (Ni)-rich ternary cathode material with several advantages, such as high specific capacity, low-cost, and environmentally friendly, making it a good candidate for use in lithium-ion batteries. However, its Ni content is as high as 80%; therefore, several new problems have emerged with gradually increasing applications. In this review, Li–Ni disorder and corresponding modification methods are first briefly reviewed, and then the origin of complex surface defect, which has a crippling effect on diffusion processes of Li⁺ at electrolyte/cathode interface, is discussed in detail. Analyses showed the importance of selecting appropriate surface modification material/technique for enhancing electrochemical properties. Therefore, popular surface coating materials and methods including metal oxides, fluorides, phosphates, fast ion conductors, and other compounds/elements used for the development of NCM811 are subjected to extensive and thorough research. Finally, several new perspectives and insights related to stability and safety at high voltages and temperatures, and the optimization of production process are also proposed.     

一维纳米SnO2传感器对变压器油中气体的检测

为准确在线监测电力变压器油中溶解气体,预测其潜伏性故障,通过水热法合成了多种一维纳米SnO2材料,并以其作为气敏材料制作了旁热式气体传感器,研究了其对变压器油中析出气体乙炔的气敏性能。结果显示,各元件表现出不同的气敏性能,其中花状纳米SnO2对乙炔气体的敏感性能最优,在360℃的工作温度下,其对体积分数为1×10–4的乙炔的灵敏度达到38,响应和恢复时间分别为15 s和28 s。     

纳米三氧化钨制备技术及研究现状

纳米三氧化钨(WO3)作为一种典型的敏感材料已经广泛运用到了工业及民用生活等领域,日益受到研究者们的广泛关注。不同维度的纳米结构可有望得到性能优异的功能材料,通过结构设计及形貌改善可显著提高纳米WO3的气敏性能,本文综述了近年来不同形貌纳米WO3的制备技术及其在气敏传感器方面的研究现状,并指出了在研究过程中存在的问题。     

A model for resilient modulus determination of recycled mixes with bitumen emulsion and cement from ITS testing results

Typically, resilient modulus (M_r) of recycled mixes, containing bitumen emulsion and cement, will increase upon curing. Hence, assigning a design M_r for these mixes will be more complex than the case of conventional hot mixes. Furthermore, M_r testing facilities are not generally available in many project sites. Therefore, developing a model that could estimate M_r from ordinary testing methods would be quite appropriate. In this research, upon performing indirect tensile strength test (ITS) and determining M_r of specimens at different testing temperatures (−10, 5 and 25 °C) and curing times (7, 28 and 120 days), two models have been developed to estimate the M_r of recycled mixes with bitumen emulsion and two types of cements (type I and pozzolanic cement). The results showed that increased curing time and cement content and decreased testing temperature led to increased ITS and M_r values. For both tests the effect of temperature was more pronounced than two other parameters. The models were developed by two steps. First the relationship between ITS and M_r at similar testing conditions was determined for each cement type. This was done by a linear relationship. In the second step, the relationship was adjusted to consider the effects of temperature and curing time. Using the final model, M_r of studied mixes could be estimated from ITS testing results at similar or different testing conditions.     

Chemical treatment on alumina–zirconia composites inducing apatite formation with maintained mechanical properties

Alumina–zirconia composites with submicrometric grain size were surface modified with the purpose to induce bioactivity using several chemical treatments. Among them, a quick attack by phosphoric acid induced on Zirconia Toughned Alumina (80–20 wt%) the formation of apatite-like calcium phosphate phases after immersion in simulated body fluid, indicating bioactivity induction. Such a treatment does not reduce the strength, hardness and ageing properties of this ceramic material, making it a suitable method for biomedical applications. Surface properties, topography and microstructure of oxide ceramics are also discussed.