Controlling Au electrode patterns for simultaneously monitoring electrical actuation and shape recovery in shape memory polymer

This paper presents an effective approach to achieve efficient electrical actuation and monitoring of shape recovery based on patterned Au electrodes on shape memory polymer (SMP). The electrically responsive shape recovery behavior was characterized and monitored by the evolution change in electrical resistance of patterned Au electrode. Both electrical actuation and temperature distribution in the SMP have been improved by optimizing the Au electrode patterns. The electrically actuated shape recovery behavior and temperature evolution during the actuation were monitored and characterized. The resistance changes could be used to detect beginning/finishing points of the shape recovery. Therefore, the Au electrode not only significantly enhances the electrical actuation performance to achieve a fast electrical actuation, but also enables the resistance signal to detect the free recovery process.     

海洋生物附着对混凝土结构耐久性能影响

为研究海洋生物对混凝土结构的影响机理,分别对海洋动物、植物以及微生物3种类型的海洋生物进行分析,重点讨论3种生物对混凝土结构的腐蚀机理和增强机理,并对其利用和防治进行了详细论述。通过某码头混凝土桩的现场长期暴露试验,研究混凝土内部的氯离子浓度、混凝土电阻率及钢筋电位的分布规律。结果表明,浪溅区的表面氯离子含量低于潮汐区,而混凝土氯离子扩散系数较为接近。贝类生物的聚集作用对混凝土抗氯离子性能具有正负效应:一方面,贝类覆盖区混凝土的表面氯离子含量较低,表明贝类的存在有利于降低混凝土表面氯离子的聚集,在混凝土表面起到物理保护作用,一定程度上有利于阻止氯离子的入侵;另一方面,贝类覆盖区混凝土内氯离子扩散系数大于光滑表面区,贝类的存在可能导致混凝土本体发生变化,削弱了混凝土自身的抗氯离子侵蚀能力,加快了氯离子在混凝土内部的传输。有贝类聚集时,混凝土表面电阻最低,且混凝土内部钢筋的腐蚀电位较负,表明该区域混凝土内部钢筋的腐蚀风险最高,该海域贝类存在可能对混凝土的耐久性能造成不利影响。     

Manufacturing a TiAl alloy by high-energy ball milling and subsequent reactive sintering

A TiAl alloy was fabricated by high-energy ball milling and subsequent reactive sintering from the mixed powders of Ti and Al. High-energy ball milling produced a kind of particular composite powders with an extremely fine altemative Ti and Al lamella structure. The composite powders not only possessed good consolidation and densification characteristics, but also resulted in the augment of nucleation rate of α and γ titanium aluminides during solid-phase reactive sintering After a series of processing, pressing, degassing, extrusion, and sintering, the resultant TiAl alloy presented high relative density and refined grain sizes of （α2 ＋ γ） lamella and γ phases. The compressive yield strength of the sintered TiAl reached 600 MPa at 800℃.     

Effect of temperature and moisture on electrical conductivity in polyaniline/polyurethane (PANI/PU) blends

Miscible blend of conductive polyaniline/polyurethane (PANI/PU) showed preferable electrical property at low percolation threshold compared to immiscible blend of PANI/polystyrene-isoprene-copolymer (PANI/SIS) and carbon black/PU composite (CB/PU). The time dependence of the electrical conductivity was investigated with these samples aged under different humidity and temperatures. The electrical conductivity of PANI/PU (11.5/88.5, v/v) decreased with aging time and the morphology changed with time in the coexistence of high moisture and high temperature. After the aging treatment, the film of the miscible blend was re-dissolved and re-cast. The morphology and electrical conductivity were found to recover to the same state as the original film. In addition, the recovery mechanism of the morphology and the conductivity was also proposed here.     

Fuzzy axiomatic design extension for managing model selection paradigm in decision science

The model selection paradigm is one of the focused themes within decision science. This paper addresses the consistent solution of model selection issue on the basis of the fuzzy axiomatic design (FAD) methodology. Moreover, the developed FAD–based model selection interface (FAD–MSI) is performed over the critical ship management processes in order to assign suitable (multiple criteria decision-making) MCDM techniques even if commonly utilized hybrid approaches. The outcomes of this study encourage the maritime practitioners for the further researches towards analytical modelling of ship management processes.     

基于修正变分法开孔板和加强板结构的自由振动分析

为研究船舶开孔板和加强板结构的振动特性,用1阶剪切变形板理论描述各向同性板的位移场,并采用修正变分原理和区域分解方法建立板的离散动力学模型.每一块子域板的位移和转角分量通过第一类切比雪夫正交多项式展开.针对加强板模型,将该方法获得的结果与已经发表的文献和有限元商用软件计算结果进行对比,验证该方法的收敛性和正确性.基于修正变分法探讨多种开孔和加强板模型的自由振动特性,充分说明该数理模型和半解析方法是一种适合处理复杂板结构问题的数值工具.     

Nanostructured hydrogen storage materials prepared by high-energy reactive ball milling of magnesium and ferrovanadium

Hydrogen storage nanocomposites prepared by high energy reactive ball milling of magnesium and vanadium alloys in hydrogen (HRBM) are characterised by exceptionally fast hydrogenation rates and a significantly decreased hydride decomposition temperature. Replacement of vanadium in these materials with vanadium-rich Ferrovanadium (FeV, V80Fe20) is very cost efficient and is suggested as a durable way towards large scale applications of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials. The current work presents the results of the experimental study of Mg–(FeV) hydrogen storage nanocomposites prepared by HRBM of Mg powder and FeV (0–50 mol.%). The additives of FeV were shown to improve hydrogen sorption performance of Mg including facilitation of the hydrogenation during the HRBM and improvements of the dehydrogenation/re-hydrogenation kinetics. The improvements resemble the behaviour of pure vanadium metal, and the Mg–(FeV) nanocomposites exhibited a good stability of the hydrogen sorption performance during hydrogen absorption – desorption cycling at T = 350 °C caused by a stability of the cycling performance of the nanostructured FeV acting as a catalyst. Further improvement of the cycle stability including the increase of the reversible hydrogen storage capacity and acceleration of H₂ absorption kinetics during the cycling was observed for the composites containing carbon additives (activated carbon, graphite or multi-walled carbon nanotubes; 5 wt%), with the best performance achieved for activated carbon.     

船舶机舱通风与结构对其火灾特性的影响

提出多层几何结构,运用过滤平衡方程组及Sma-gorinsky模型描述了多层几何结构、无通风管路多层几何结构及单层几何结构的船舶机舱火灾场,计算分析通风和结构等对火灾过程的影响。认为多层几何结构中气流在子区域内产生较强的涡旋,在中间区域呈上升趋势,其平台诱发顶棚射流;贫氧区与富氧区分界明显,子区域中氧气浓度自上而下降低。无通风管路多层几何结构中心区域气流呈下降趋势,在较小的空间尺度内,氧气含量梯度较小,上甲板高净热通量区域偏大。单层几何结构中气流呈上升趋势,净热通量最高值达20kW/m2,且火焰传播速度受气流分布影响较大。     

Model test of immersed tube tunnel foundation treated by sand-flow method

In order to explore the immersed tunnel foundation treated by sand-flow method, modeling principles for the full-scale model test of sand flow were put forward. In addition, a sand-flow test model was built, which consisted of model system, equipment system and measurement system. The situation of sand-deposit expanding and the water pressure in the foundation trench were evaluated through the model test. The results show that a semi-closed space was formed between the model board and the expanding sand deposit, which made the water pressure in it rising with little range of volatility. The sand deposit gradually became non-circular truncated cone which shaped with its expanding radius, and the difference of the water pressure increased at each direction. The water pressure in crater had a linear increase with the sand-deposit radius, with a maximal value of 0.015 2 MPa. The volatility of the water pressure under the tunnel board and the water pressure value in the crater could be used as bases of construction control.