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为了改善城市交通,我国许多城市已经、正在或者将要修建城市地铁。地铁系统的巨大能耗,使我们必须关注其节能研究。地铁系统的照明能耗在其总能耗中占不小的比重,因此,地铁照明系统的节能不可忽视。为了实现地铁站绿色照明,课题组成员到国内多个城市地铁站进行了大量的实地调研和问卷调查,发现了现行地下铁道照明标准滞后于现在的地铁站照明设计。为了使地下铁道照明标准真正成为地铁站照明设计的指导和依据,课题组在大量理论研究的基础上,结合调研结果,对地下铁道照明标准中影响照明能耗的数量标准进行了探讨。 相似文献
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Narrowing the performance deficit between design intent and the real-time environmental and energy performance of buildings is a complex and involved task, impacting on all building stakeholders. Buildings are designed, built and operated with increasingly complex technologies. Throughout their life-cycle, they produce vast quantities of data. However, many commercial buildings do not perform as originally intended.This paper presents a semantic web based approach to the performance gap problem, describing how heterogeneous building data sources can be transformed into semantically enriched information. A performance assessment ontology and performance framework (software tool) are introduced, which use this heterogeneous data as a service for a structured performance analysis. The demonstrator illustrates how heterogeneous data can be published semantically and then interpreted using a life-cycle performance framework approach. 相似文献
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《Energy and Buildings》2001,33(6):613-625
Energy efficient buildings should provide a thermally comfortable and healthy indoor environment. Most indoor airflows involve combined forced and natural convection (mixed convection). In order to simulate the flows accurately and efficiently, this paper proposes a two-layer turbulence model for predicting forced, natural and mixed convection. The model combines a near-wall one-equation model [J. Fluid Eng. 115 (1993) 196] and a near-wall natural convection model [Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 41 (1998) 3161] with the aid of direct numerical simulation (DNS) data [Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 18 (1997) 88]. 相似文献
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《Engineering Fracture Mechanics》1987,28(1):1-12
Measurements of ultrasonic velocity in creep damaged material are reviewed. The influence of damage on ultrasonic velocity is analysed and the relation between them is derived. It is shown that measurements of ultrasonic velocity can be used to predict the remaining life. Measurements of ultrasonic velocity in a damaged beam are presented along with measurements of the ultimate strength. A relation is found to exist, between reductions in ultrasonic velocity and ultimate strength, which might be used to assess the load carrying capacity of a structural element. 相似文献
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《Energy and Buildings》1995,22(2):165-169
Basic sector classification Input/Output Tables of Japan (Research Committee of International Trade and Industry, Tokyo, Japan, 1988) were applied to quantify the total energy consumption and CO2 emission including direct and indirect effects due to the construction of various types of houses. As a result, energy consumption for construction is calculated as 8–10 GJ per square meter of floor area for multi-family SRC (steel reinforced concrete) houses, 3 GJ for wooden single-family houses, 4.5 GJ for lightweight steel structure single-family houses. CO2 emission resulting from construction is 850, 250 and 400 kg/m2, respectively. 相似文献
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《Energy and Buildings》2004,36(12):1259-1263
Almost in all the major cities in Asian countries, residential buildings are characterized with high-rise and high density. Under this circumstance, achieving comfortable and healthy indoor environment with minimized energy consumption becomes a very challenging engineering and societal issue. While the wide use of air-conditioning helped to improve thermal comfort, health problems associated with poor indoor air qualities have appeared more frequently. The increased energy consumption is also a great concern in view of its impact on the energy economics of the region. Drawn from some of the onsite measurements and survey, and also the author’s personal observation, some of the key issues are discussed in this paper. 相似文献
9.
《Energy and Buildings》2004,36(8):855-863
The EnergyPlus building energy simulation software has been tested using the IEA HVAC BESTEST E100–E200 series of tests. The volume 1 final report for the International Energy Agency (IEA) solar heating and cooling programme task 22 building energy simulation test and diagnostic method for heating, ventilating, and air conditioning equipment models (HVAC BESTEST) was recently published in January 2002. HVAC BESTEST is a series of steady-state tests for a single-zone DX cooling system. Cases range from dry to wet coil, low to high part load, and low to high temperatures. This published test suite includes three sets of analytical solutions and results from several other simulation programs for comparison.This test suite was initially used to test EnergyPlus beginning with beta versions prior to its official public release, and it is also applied as an ongoing quality assurance test. The application of these tests proved to be very useful in several ways:
- •revealed input model shortcomings, which resulted in new user inputs being added;
- •revealed reporting errors which were fixed;
- •revealed algorithmic errors which were fixed;
- •revealed algorithmic shortcomings which were improved or eliminated through the use of more rigorous calculations for certain components;
- •in later versions, caught newly introduced bugs before public release of updates.
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