The relationship between centrality and land use patterns: Empirical evidence from five Chinese metropolises

The relationship between location and land use patterns is one of the classic theoretical issues in urban studies. Classic models based on the monocentricity hypothesis have limitations in the interpretation of modern urban structure. China has experienced institutional transformation in recent decades, and the interaction of national government policy, market forces and the natural environment has influenced urban planning in Chinese metropolises, resulting in urban structures with special characteristics. This paper examines the distribution of location and land use intensity, and tested the Alonso model by the relationship between them in five Chinese metropolises using Point of Interest data, space syntax methodology, the grid weighted statistical method and the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model. Universal patterns about the scaling relation between intensity of land use types and the centrality of location are revealed. The elasticity of land use types to location, from high to low sensitivity, is commercial, residential then industrial land in most of the five metropolises studied. The sensitivity sequence of land use studied suggests that the hypothetical model based on the classical Alonso model can explain the spatial structure of modern metropolises in China to some extent, especially for the commercial land. But the order of sensitivity of residential land and industrial land to location does not conform to the model. The spatial heterogeneity in land use intensity and centrality were explored and the factors embedded were discussed. It can be found that the relation between centrality and land use intensity conforms to power law. In most of the metropolises studied, when the scaling relation between land use intensity and centrality is super linear, the sequence of the frequency value from high to low are commercial, residential and industrial land; when the scaling relation is sublinear, the sequence of the frequency value is industrial, residential and commercial land.     

Degrees of destitution: a typology of homelessness in developing countries

There is an ongoing attempt to develop a globally acceptable definition of homelessness. Whether such a definition is broad and inclusive of squatters, and those living in particularly poor quality housing, or narrowly focused on street homelessness, it is likely to include a large population. Therefore, we are left with a need to develop criteria for identifying, allocating and prioritising appropriate support. Drawing on a study of homelessness in nine developing countries, this paper presents a new categorisation or typology of homelessness, based on choice and opportunity. It highlights the way in which homeless people, living in identical shelter situations, and for ostensibly similar reasons, might require different responses to support them out of homelessness. This paper does not seek to debate the definition of homelessness but to stimulate discussion on finding a way to identify and prioritise the needs of those included within any given definition.     

Comparative study on economic contribution rate of education of China and foreign countries based on soft computing method

Economic contribution rate of education (ECRE) is the key factor of education economics. This article selected China, South Korea, United States and other countries for a total of 15 samples, and put the data of the same period under the framework of soft computing, to simulate the production chain of “education–potential human capital–actual human capital–economic growth”. The basic idea is: Firstly, 15 countries are softly categorized according to the level of science and technology (S&T) progress. Secondly, potential human capital and actual human capital establish the internal correlation (fuzzy mapping) in the same classification, and we conceptualize actual human capital as one production factor, joined with the other two production factors, fixed asset and land, to set up the fuzzy mapping to economic growth., and then calculate economic contribution rate of education of China and foreign by two fuzzy mapping of them. Thirdly, this paper analyzes the present state and differences in the development of education between China and foreign according to different ECRE, and offers proposals for promoting the education in China.     

基于网络文本的山地景观游客行为与形象感知研究——以重庆市长嘉汇弹子石老街为例

剖析网络评价文本能为景观规划设计提供科学的依据支撑,弥补因快速城镇化建设发展而导致的公众参与不足,对于景观设计而言是非常重要的。以重庆市弹子石老街为例,基于网络文本内容分析法,利用rostcm6、excel及python等分析和数据抓取软件,采集大众点评的相关评论数据,以山地景观设计视角结合相关数据分析软件进行定性定量分析并制作可视化分析图,最终从多维度分析游客评论得出结果及改进建议,总结针对重庆弹子石老街及山地景观设计的6条设计策略:(1)交通可达的组织方式;(2)垂直上下的衔接转换;(3)对景远眺的外向空间;(4)本土文化的特色彰显;(5)城市事件的策划安排;(6)游览夜景的慢行系统,期望对今后的类似山地景观空间规划设计提供一定参考和借鉴价值。     

Comprehensive Benefit Evaluation System for Low-Impact Development of Urban Stormwater Management Measures

In recent years, plenty of simulation research about the low impact development(LID) control effect has emerged, but studies on scheme comparison and evaluation are lacking. In this study, a comprehensive benefit evaluation system for LID, including environmental, economic, and social benefits, was established on the basis of Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) and urban storm water model. Above all, benefit identification, quantitative evaluation and scheme comparison of single LID measures were obtained according to site investigation, simulated calculation and theoretical analysis. Whereafter, LID combination plans were designed based on single LID measures with high comprehensive benefit values, and their comprehensive benefits were evaluated to obtain the optimal plan. Then, based on well-founded system combined with Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), the design and optimization of LID were conducted, with a case in Xi’an, China. It turned out that the preferential order of the LID single measures according to the comprehensive benefit was: bio-retention > rain barrels > low-elevation greenbelt > green roofs > permeable pavement. Five LID combination plans were designed based on bio-retention, rain barrels, low-elevation greenbelt, and green roofs. Evaluation results showed that plan I (bio-retention and green roofs) was the optimal LID combination plan.     

由长春第一汽车制造厂厂前宿舍区外部空间环境引发的思考

作为长春市的历史保护街区,一汽厂前宿舍区的外部空间环境受到了人们的关注.良好宜人的空间尺度,围合式布置,在我国特定历史时期的居住区建设起到了示范作用.笔者针对一汽厂前宿舍区外部空间环境的特点进行分析,引发对长春当今居住区建设的思考.     

对长春市工业遗产保护与利用的思考

工业历史建筑作为城市重要的历史遗产,其保护和利用已经日益引起城市规划、建筑界及城市相关部门的重视,笔者对长春市工业遗产现状情况进行了详细的调查,探讨了几种保护与利用模式,以期解决城市发展中对工业遗产进行有效保护和利用的问题.     

基于空间句法的传统村落保护规划编制应用的思考——以国家级历史文化名村唐模为例

传统村落保护规划的编制是解决传统村落保护发展基础性和全局性的工作。运用空间句法的相关理论与技术对唐模古村进行空间解析,利用量化后的空间分析结果对传统村落保护规划中的保护区划划定、街巷路网调整、功能结构布局等重要规划内容提供了依据。廓清了空间句法在传统村落保护规划中应用的若干问题,为传统村落保护规划编制提供了可借鉴的技术路线和修正的思考。     

基于场所复兴的新徽派建筑浅析——以绩溪博物馆为例

在"文化趋同"愈发明显的当今社会,城市本土文化正在逐渐消失。新徽派建筑作为传统文化的现代化继承,绽放于各个地区。本文以场所复兴为出发点,从"建筑与环境的对话"、"建筑本我的表达"以及"情感体验"三个方面举例论述了场所精神的营造。