Can child-pedestrians’ hazard perception skills be enhanced?

ObjectiveTraffic collisions yield a substantial rate of morbidity and injury among child-pedestrians. We explored the formation of an innovative hazard perception training intervention – Child-pedestrians Anticipate and Act Hazard Perception Training (CA²HPT). Training was based upon enhancing participants’ ability to anticipate potential hazards by exposing them to an array of traffic scenes viewed from different angles.MethodTwenty-four 7–9-year-olds have participated. Trainees underwent a 40-min intervention of observing typical residential traffic scenarios in a simulated dome projection environment while engaging in a hazard detection task. Trainees were encouraged to note differences between the scenarios presented to them from separate angles (a pedestrian's point-of-view and a higher perspective angle). Next, trainees and control group members were required to perform crossing decision tasks.ResultsTrainees were found to be more aware of potential hazards related to restricted field of view relative to control.ConclusionsChild pedestrians are responsive to training and actively detecting materialized hazards may enrich child-pedestrians’ ability to cross roads.     

Flow distribution and pressure drop in parallel-channel configurations of planar fuel cells

Parallel-channel configurations for gas-distributor plates of planar fuel cells reduce the pressure drop, but give rise to the problem of severe flow maldistribution wherein some of the channels may be starved of the reactants. This study presents an analysis of the flow distribution through parallel-channel configurations. One-dimensional models based on mass and momentum balance equations in the inlet and exhaust gas headers are developed for Z- and U-type parallel-channel configurations. The resulting coupled ordinary differential equations are solved analytically to obtain closed-form solutions for the flow distribution in the individual channels and for the pressure drop over the entire distributor plate. The models have been validated by comparing the results with those obtained from three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Application of the models to typical fuel-cell distributor plates shows that severe maldistribution of flow may arise in certain cases and that this can be avoided by careful choice of the dimensions of the headers and the channels.     

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND EXPERI- MENT OF UNSTEADY THERMAL FIELD OF ROTOR PLATE FOR EDDY CURRENT RETARDER

The physical model based on heat transfer theory and virtual boundary method for analyzing unsteady thermal field of rotor plate for eddy current retarder used in automobile is established and boundary conditions are also defined. The finite element governing equation is derived by Galerkin method. The time differential item is discrete based on Galerkin format that is stable at any condition. And a new style of varying time step method is used in iteration process. The thermal field on the rotor plate at the radial and axle directions is analyzed and varying temperature at appointed points on two side-surfaces is measured. The testing and analytical data are uniform approximately. Finite element method can be used for estimating thermal field of the rotor plate at initial design stage of eddy current retarder.     

基于Sigmund理论的溅射产额计算及分析

溅射产额是表征溅射效应的重要参数。Sigmund的线性级联碰撞理论在溅射产额计算中获得了广泛的应用和发展。本文对Sigmund理论进行简单介绍，并对基于Sigmund理论的各种经验公式进行分析。在此基础上，对不同条件下的溅射产额进行了计算，通过计算结果，对各种公式的使用范围进行了讨论。     

Optimization of micro heat exchanger: CFD,analytical approach and multi-objective evolutionary algorithms

Advances in miniaturization have led to the use of microchannels as heat sinks in industry. Studies have established that the thermal performance of a microchannel depends on its geometric parameters and flow conditions. This paper describes two approaches for determining the optimal geometric parameters of the microchannels in micro heat exchangers. One approach combines CFD analysis with an analytical method of calculating the optimal geometric parameters of micro heat exchangers. The second approach involves the usage of multi-objective genetic algorithms in combination with CFD.     

Study of fuel insolubles: Formation conditions and characterization of copper compounds

The solids formed in the systems containing copper in different oxidation states, in the presence and absence of hexanoic acid and dodecanethiol, together and separately, at room temperature, were studied. The experiments were performed in a mineral oil matrix, free of sulfur compounds and metals; a diesel oil matrix; and the reagents alone, without any matrix. The deposits formed were analyzed by elemental analysis (EA), infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and total copper by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), for their identification and determination of the probable structures. In samples containing both hexanoic acid and dodecanethiol, when there is copper(I), anhydrous copper(II) hexanoate is preferentially formed, but in samples of copper(II), copper(II) mercaptate is formed first. In samples of metallic copper in mineral oil matrix, no deposit formations occur. In all cases in which deposits were formed, they were the same as in diesel oil matrix.     

Key technologies of layout design of recycling plants of waste refrigerators

The present situations of waste refrigerators recycling and disposing were analyzed. Three key technologies of layout design of recycling plants of waste refrigerators were presented as follows: 1) establishment of recycling process of waste refrigerators; 2) the general plane layout of recycling plants; 3) the detailed layout of workshops of recycling plants. The focus of the three key technologies is to tackle the problem of the detailed layout of workshops of the recycling plants. By adopting Petri net, the model of logistics system of workshops was established and then optimized, and finally the detailed layout chart of recycling plants was gained. By adopting E-factory, the recycling plants were simulated. The results show that the method mentioned is effective. Foundation item: Project(50375044) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Analysis of a Novel Flux-Weakening Structure of High-Speed Permanent-Magnet Motors Based on Soft-Magnetic Ferrite

Soft-magnetic ferrite has advantages of high initial magnetic permeability, high electric resistivity, low loss and low cost in the high-frequency alternating field. Considering the characters of soft-magnetic ferrite, this paper uses a soft-magnetic ferrite ring as stator core and presents a novel field-weakening structure of high speed PM motors. Based on this structure, a novel field-weakening method of PM motors can be presented. The equivalent reluctance of permanent magnetic field circuit can be changed by altering saturation degree of soft-magnetic ferrite core in this method. For the convenience of analysis and calculation, considering the magnetic field distribution in the motors, this paper deduces an equivalent two-dimensional finite element model of three-dimensional magnetic field, by which the field-weakening parameters of high speed PM motor can be conveniently analyzed. The simulation results of finite element model prove: the field-weakening structure of high speed PM motor based on soft-magnetic ferrite, presented in this paper, is valid and feasible, offers a valid and applicative method for field-weakening control of high speed PM motor.     

重型车辆流量控制式ECHPS系统建模与仿真

关于车辆转向液压系统优化控制问题,针对重型商用车辆传统的具有固定助力特性的HPS系统存在的高速时转向操纵安全性差的问题,提出一种旁通流量控制式电控液压助力转向(ECHPS)系统,建立了ECHPS的机械和液压子系统模型及整车二自由度动力学模型。分析了转向系统可变助力特性的设计要求,建立了ECHPS助力特性MATLAB/Simulink仿真模型,通过仿真计算得到了ECHPS在不同车速下的转向助力特性曲线。仿真结果表明,所设计的ECHPS可变助力特性同时满足了低速时的转向轻便性要求和高速时的良好转向"路感"和操纵稳定性,并得到旁通流量与车速的关系曲线为设计ECHPS旁通流量阀开度的控制策略提供了基本依据。     

轴承制造企业ERP库存控制子系统设计

文章讨论了轴承制造企业库存控制子系统的设计原理和程序实现方法.将库存项目分解成若干个表,例如实时库存数量的表、毛需求量表、已分配量表等,通过库存平衡式计算出计划入库数,再考虑到生产的提前期和批量,得到计划生产数表,为主生产计划提供产量数据.程序采用B/S结构编程,可以满足一般企业应用要求.