Branched-pore model applied to the adsorption of basic dyes on carbon

The branched-pore adsorption model, expressed by an external mass transfer coefficient k_f, a solid diffusivity D_s, a lumped micropore diffusion rate parameter k_b, and the fraction of macropores f, describes kinetic data from initial contact of adsorbent-adsorbate to the long-term ( > 24 hours) adsorption stages with reasonable accuracy.In this work the model is applied for three basic dye systems, namely Basic Red 22, Basic Yellow 21 and Basic Blue 69, all on carbon. A single value of each parameter describes each dye system. The k_f values are 0.18 × 10⁻²±28%, 0.3 × 10⁻²±17% and 0.2 × 10⁻² ± 20% cm s⁻¹, the D_s values are 0.33 × 10⁻⁹ 21%, 0.72 × 10⁻⁹ ± 9% and 0.72 × 10⁻⁹ ± 9% cm² s⁻¹, the k_b values are 0.65 × 10⁻⁶ ± 7.7%, 1.8 × 10⁻⁶ 0.2 × 10⁻⁶ 1% s⁻¹, while the f values are 0.55 ± 9%, 0.60 ± 10 % and 0.18 ± 11%, each for Basic Red 22, Basic Yellow 21 and Basic Blue 69 respectively.The model is based on the internal structure of the carbon particle being divided into a macropore and a micropore region. The latter has an upper-bound capacity of 241, 245 and 656 mg g⁻¹ for Basic Red 22, Basic Yellow 21 and Basic Blue 69 respectively. A sensitivity analysis for each parameter has been carried out.     

DD15单晶高温合金持久性能各向异性

研究了[001]、[011]和[111]3种不同取向的DD15单晶高温合金的热处理组织、980 ℃/300 MPa和1 150℃/120MPa的持久性能、持久断口和断裂组织.结果表明在与定向凝固方向垂直的截面上,3种取向合金具有明显不同的热处理组织形貌,γ'相的形状分别为规则的正方形、矩形和多边形.合金在980℃/30...     

混合LES-RANS模型在结晶器钢液流场模拟中的应用

采用了一种新的混合LES-RANS（大涡模拟-雷诺平均模型）湍流模型模拟结晶器中钢液的流场.模型通过修正湍流黏度系数对水口和结晶器内湍流进行过滤,对大尺度的湍流直接采用Navier-Stokes方程求解计算,对小尺度的脉动采用标准k-ε模型进行计算.该模型能避免RANS的过分耗散并且能捕捉到更多的瞬态湍流信息.模型通过对连铸结晶器内液态金属GaInSn模型速度进行测量验证,速度测量方法为超声波多普勒测速仪（UDV）测速法.新模型与实验测量值吻合程度明显好于RANS模拟的结果,能更准确地预测结晶器和水口内的湍流行为.结晶器内瞬态流动特征表明,水口两侧流体呈周期性的偏流,周期约为5s.     

热等静压处理对IN792材料组织和持久性能的影响

本文研究了热等静压处理对IN792材料组织和持久性能的影响.结果表明,IN792材料经1180℃/150 MPa热等静压处理后显微疏松完全闭合.与直接热处理样品相比,热等静压处理后样品中的共晶含量减少;枝晶干处y’相的体积分数和尺寸增大,分别由34％,0.4 μm增大至42％,0.56μ.760℃/655 MPa和870℃/365 MPa条件下持久性能测试表明,热等静压处理均显著提高了材料的持久寿命.     

Fabrication of wormhole-like YSZ and Ni-YSZ by the novel soft-hard template CTAB/NaCl-assisted route. Suppressing Ni coalescence in SOFC

A novel one-pot synthesis route leading to the formation of a wormhole-like structure was developed for the successful fabrication of porous YSZ and Ni-YSZ systems. This method involved co-precipitation in the presence of the micelle-forming agents CTAB/Pluronic P123 and crystallising NaCl. The obtained skeletons were mechanically stable and presented almost 50% uniform, open porosity without using any additional pore-formers. The fabricated 0.3 M CTAB/NaCl Ni-YSZ showed better long-term electrical stability in hydrogen than a traditional Ni-YSZ cermet. It resulted from the suppression of Ni structural changes throughout the anode scaffold. Moreover, higher electrochemical activity of this novel anode is expected due to the smaller particle sizes of Ni/YSZ, high homogeneity, highly developed TPB, and better interfacial interaction between the Ni and YSZ. Therefore, the novel soft-hard templating method is recognised as a promising route for the fabrication of the YSZ or Ni-YSZ with a highly developed microstructure and improved stability.     

Controlled anisotropy in 3D printing of silica-based ceramic cores through oxidization reaction of aluminum powders

Ceramic cores are key components to form inner hollow structures in aero-engine blades, and 3D printing is an ideal molding technology for ceramic cores. In this work, silica-based ceramic cores are fabricate via 3D printing of digital light processing (DLP) stereolithography, and the anisotropy in microstructure and property are controlled by aluminum powders. The ceramic cores without aluminum powders exhibit anisotropic microstructure with interlayer gaps, which get narrower and disappear with doping of 7.5–10 wt% of aluminum powders, due to the volume expansion during oxidization reaction of aluminum powders filling the interlayer gaps. The anisotropy in mechanical property is rely on the printing direction, and the ratio of strength in different directions (σ_V/σ_H) is put forward to value the mechanical anisotropy; the ratios rise from 0.40 to 0.92 at room temperature and 0.51 to 0.97 at 1540 °C, as 7.5 wt% of aluminum is doped, and the optimized ceramic cores show high-temperature strengths of 16.6 MPa and 16.1 MPa in different printing directions. Even though ceramic cores with 10 wt% of aluminum show uniform microstructure and higher σ_V/σ_H ratio, the weak particle bonding within printing layers limits their mechanical property, and the strengths decrease to 13.8 MPa and 13.4 MPa at 1540 °C. This work inspires a new technique to excellent high-temperature mechanical properties with anisotropy control in 3D printing of ceramic cores.     

单晶高温合金损伤与断裂特征研究

研究了单晶高温合金在持久、拉伸和低周疲劳条件下的损伤与断裂特征。结果表明:单晶合金高温持久微观断裂方式为沿原始微孔洞扩展的微孔聚集型断裂,中温持久微观断裂方式为微孔聚集型断裂与滑移剪切断裂共存的混合型断裂;高温拉伸首先在内部以微孔聚集型模式开裂,最后阶段以滑移剪切的方式发生断裂,微孔聚集型断裂过程占主要地位,中温拉伸以纯滑移剪切的方式发生断裂,断口由一个平面组成;低周疲劳断裂由裂纹萌生、裂纹稳定扩展和裂纹失稳扩展3个阶段组成。断口呈现多源开裂特征,疲劳裂纹一般萌生于表面。疲劳裂纹扩展初期断口基本与主应力方向垂直,随着疲劳裂纹扩展,断口表现为与主应力约成45°的平面特征。     

先进单晶高温合金均匀化-固溶热处理的研究与设计

为设计更适用于先进单晶高温合金的均匀化-固溶热处理制度,研究了不同热处理温度和时间对一种先进单晶高温合金组织的影响。使用金相显微镜和场发射电子显微镜观察合金组织,使用电子探针测试合金元素分布,并分析试验结果。试验发现,当温度直接升至γ′相溶解的实际起始温度1338℃时,合金不会发生初熔;当温度直接升至γ′相溶解的外推初始温度1350℃时,合金中出现了明显初熔,但初熔组织随着保温时间的延长逐渐减少;当温度直接升至较低的1328℃时,合金中虽然没有发生初熔,但均匀化效率明显降低。结合先进单晶高温合金高熔点元素含量较高的特点对试验结果进行热力学和动力学计算与分析,结果表明,单晶高温合金的均匀化-固溶热处理窗口是一个动态的窗口,γ′相完全溶解温度和初熔温度均随着合金均匀化程度的提高而提高;高代单晶高温合金在均匀化-固溶热处理中,不须要将温度始终保持在铸态合金的初熔温度以下,只要保证温度低于合金所在均匀化状态对应的初熔温度即可;均匀化-固溶热处理中,提高每一台阶的温度可以得到的均匀化-固溶效果远优于延长热处理时间可达到的效果。根据试验及分析结果提出了一种适用于先进单晶高温合金的均匀化-固溶热处理制度设计方法,使试验合金在较短时间内得到了理想的合金组织和均匀化效果。     

W对第三代单晶高温合金抗氧化性能的影响

采用X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱(EDS)等方法研究了不同W含量的3种试验单晶高温合金在1100℃的恒温氧化行为。结果表明:8%W合金氧化增重最大,6%与7%W的增重量相当,3种合金氧化动力学曲线近似遵从抛物线规律。试验合金氧化100 h后氧化膜剥落严重,8%W含量试验合金表面氧化膜剥落较6%和7%W合金严重,氧化膜由3层构成:最外层主要为(Ni,Co)O;中间层主要为氧化物和尖晶石相;最内层是连续的A1_2O_3层。在合金基体形成了γ'贫化层。在本合金体系下,随W元素含量变化,改变了试验合金1100℃氧化机制,在合金设计时,兼顾合金高温强度与抗氧化性能,应选择W含量不超过7%为宜。