水流中船舶单双锚泊偏荡运动响应研究

为研究不同形式锚泊船在流中偏荡运动响应特性及规律,给出了比较全面的船舶锚泊操纵运动数学模型及数值求解方案。采用数值仿真研究方法,对单锚泊和双锚泊(八字锚、一字锚等)多种锚泊形式展开了详尽的计算分析。将船舶和锚链分别建模,锚泊船采用MMG操纵运动方程,并计入低速时水动力影响;对于水下锚链,为准确地计入三维情况下其和海底之间的各种作用力,采用最基本的集中质量法来描述其运动;而后通过边界条件将船-链耦合成为一个整体。最后通过仿真计算研究了各种形式锚泊船在流中的偏荡运动,以此为基础对单、双锚泊之间的运动特性进行了对比研究;并分析了诸多因素(如微速倒车)对其运动的影响,通过总结给出了规律性结论。     

Mechanical,thermal, and dielectric properties of SiCf/SiC composites reinforced with electrospun SiC fibers by PIP

Electrospun unidirectional SiC fibers reinforced SiC_f/SiC composites (e-SiC_f/SiC) were prepared with ∼10% volume fraction by polymer infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) process. Pyrolysis temperature was varied to investigate the changes in microstructures, mechanical, thermal, and dielectric properties of e-SiC_f/SiC composites. The composites prepared at 1100 °C exhibit the highest flexural strength of 286.0 ± 33.9 MPa, then reduced at 1300 °C, mainly due to the degradation of electrospun SiC fibers, increased porosity, and reaction-controlled interfacial bonding. The thermal conductivity of e-SiC_f/SiC prepared at 1300 °C reached 2.663 W/(m∙K). The dielectric properties of e-SiC_f/SiC composites were also investigated and the complex permittivities increase with raising pyrolysis temperature. The e-SiC_f/SiC composites prepared at 1300 °C exhibited EMI shielding effectiveness exceeding 24 dB over the whole X band. The electrospun SiC fibers reinforced SiC_f/SiC composites can serve as a potential material for structural components and EMI shielding applications in the future.     

Creep behavior and failure mechanisms of CVI and PIP SiC/SiC composites at temperatures to 1650 °C in air

Creep properties of 2D woven CVI and PIP SiC/SiC composites with Sylramic™-iBN SiC fibers were measured at temperatures to 1650 °C in air and the data was compared with the literature. Batch-to-batch variations in the tensile and creep properties, and thermal treatment effects on creep, creep parameters, damage mechanisms, and failure modes for these composites were studied. Under the test conditions, the CVI SiC/SiC composites exhibited both matrix and fiber-dominated creep depending on stress, whereas the PIP SiC/SiC composites displayed only fiber-dominated creep. Creep durability in both composite systems is controlled by the most creep resistant phase as well as oxidation of the fibers via cracking matrix. Specimen-to- specimen variations in porosity and stress raisers caused significant differences in creep behavior and durability. The Larson-Miller parameter and Monkman-Grant relationship were used wherever applicable for analyzing and predicting creep durability.     

UAV imagery based potential safety hazard evaluation for high-speed railroad using Real-time instance segmentation

Potential safety hazards (PSHs) along the track needs to be inspected and evaluated regularly to ensure a safe environment for high-speed railroad operations. Other than track inspection, evaluating potential safety hazards in the nearby areas often requires inspectors to patrol along the track and visually identify potential threads to the train operation. The current visual inspection approach is very time-consuming and may raise safety concerns for the inspectors, especially in remote areas. Using the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has great potential to complement the visual inspection by providing a better view from the top and ease the safety concerns in many cases. This study develops an automatic PSH detection framework named YOLARC (You Only Look at Railroad Coefficients) using UAV imagery for high-speed railroad monitoring. First, YOLARC is equipped with a new backbone having multiple available receptive fields to strengthen the multi-scale representation capability at a granular level and enrich the semantic information in the feature space. Then, the system integrates the abundant semantic features at different high-level layers by a light weighted feature pyramid network (FPN) with multi-scale pyramidal architecture and a Protonet with residual structure to precisely predict the track areas and PSHs. A hazard level evaluation (HLE) method, which calculates the distance between identified PSH and the track, is also developed and integrated for quantifying the hazard level. Experiments conducted on the UAV imagery of high-speed railroad dataset show the proposed system can quickly and effectively turn UAV images into useful information with a high detection rate and processing speed.     

基于曲率和的主动声呐干涉条纹特征表征方法

干涉条纹特征是主动声呐目标识别所依据的重要特征之一。在浅水域环境中,声波能量传播特性较为复杂,信号会经过发射源到目标以及目标到接收器这2条不同的路径,目标的散射特性在声波的入射模式和散射模式之间相互作用,使得主动声呐干涉条纹呈现弯曲的结构。为对干涉条纹特征进行表征,提出一种基于曲率和的声呐特征提取方法。根据浅海声场主动声呐频率-距离干涉条纹图得到一段区间内的干涉条纹曲线散点曲率值,利用曲率求和的方法刻画条纹的弯曲程度,进而表征这一区间内的条纹特征。在理想波导环境下计算刚性球体目标在不同频率段下的曲率特征,通过统计平均值的方式得到平均曲率和为0.6左右,从特征表征结果可以看出,曲率和可通过统计离散点曲率强度描述干涉条纹特征,且在同一环境条件下,发射频率越大时曲率和强度越小。根据实测数据进行计算得到曲率和为0.512,实验与理论结果较为吻合,表明通过该方法可以获取主动声呐干涉条纹特征,进而实现目标识别和探测。     

Prediction of stable high-pressure structures of tantalum nitride TaN2

Structure searches based on a combination of first-principles calculations and a particle swarm optimization technique unravel two new stable high-pressure structures (C2/m and Cmce) for TaN₂. The structural features, mechanical properties, formation enthalpies, electronic structure, and phase diagram of TaN₂ are fully investigated. Being mechanically and dynamically stable, the two phases could be made metastable experimentally at ambient conditions.     

挤压清淤抓斗泥浆输送能耗计算

挤压清淤抓斗是一种为了提高疏浚效率和能量利用率、减少环境污染而研发的新型抓斗.该类抓斗结构的特殊性决定了它输送泥浆时的能耗不同于一般的疏浚设备.本文基于现有的有关浆体输送的理论和试验成果,进行分析,推导出适用于挤压清淤抓斗泥浆输送的能耗计算公式,然后利用得到的计算公式对浆体输送过程中的能耗进行计算.通过调整相关的参数,如浆体体积流量、挖掘浓度和输泥管直径等,分析了不同参数对输送能耗的影响,并确定了在各不同参数下比能耗增加不剧烈的最小管径,定义为临界管径.进而为挤压清淤抓斗设计中输泥管直径和流量的确定提供科学有效的指导.     

临界区雷诺数下翼型流场电磁力控制的脱体涡模拟

利用Maxwell方程直接数值计算表面包覆电极与磁极翼型产生的三维Lorentz力分布,将其加入到流体控制方程的动量方程中,采用脱体涡模拟方法对临界区雷诺数下受Lorentz力作用下翼型绕流场进行数值模拟,研究分析了电磁力作用系数和攻角对翼型绕流场结构及其升阻力系数的影响机理和规律。结果表明,Lorentz力可以有效地改善翼型周围的流场结构,达到减阻、增升、消涡以及延缓和抑制其失速的目的,因此是翼型的一种有效流动控制手段。