烯烃聚合过程的分形演化及其生长模型

The surface morphology of Ti-Mg supported catalyst and the polyethylene particles are studied using scanning electron microscope(SEM) technology.The results show that either the catalyst‘s surface or polymer particle‘s surface is irregular and has fractal characteristics,which can be described by fractal parameter.The more interesting discovery is that the surface fractal dimension values of the polymer particles vary periodically with the polymerization time.We call this phenomenon fractal evolution,which can be divided into the “revolution“ stage and the “evolution“ stage,And then we present polymerization fractal growing model(PFGM),and successfully describe and /or predict the whole evolving process of the polyethylene particle morphology under the different slurry polymerization(including pre-polymerization) conditions without H2.     

径向流吸附器流体流动特性及其结构参数优化

径向流吸附器通常存在流体沿轴向床层分布不均匀,从而导致吸附剂利用率下降和空分系统运行安全性问题。通过对表征Z型径向流吸附器流动特性的微分控制方程中包含的结构参数进行量纲1化,系统地研究了各结构参数对吸附器内流体分布的影响。同时针对实验室已有的一台Z型径向流吸附器,采用理论求解和实验数据对照的方法验证了模型的可靠性。结果表明,减小吸附床层轴向高度和吸附剂颗粒直径能显著提高Z型径向流吸附器内流体分布的均匀性;当空气的运动黏度和其他结构参数不变时,吸附器的空气处理量在一定范围内变化对吸附床层内流体的均匀性影响不大。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mo0.9Cr0.1AlB solid solution

In this study, Mo_0.9Cr_0.1AlB solid solution ceramic bulks were prepared from the element powder mixtures using hot pressing sintering method. Compared with MoAlB ceramics, the grains of as-prepared Mo_0.9Cr_0.1AlB were refined obviously. The lattice constants of Mo_0.9Cr_0.1AlB were confirmed to be a = 3.205 Å, b = 13.999 Å and c = 3.098 Å. The density of Mo_0.9Cr_0.1AlB was lower than that of MoAlB due to the incorporation of Cr element. In addition, the effect of doping Cr element on the comprehensive mechanical properties was studied as well. The hardness and compressive strength were improved significantly. In comparison with MoAlB ceramic, the improvement of mechanical properties could be attributed to solid solution strengthening and grain refinement.     

木糖还原酶基因的克隆及其在酿酒酵母中的定向整合

酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)是重要的乙醇生产菌株,但因缺少戊糖代谢途径而不能利用木糖,为了改良工业酿酒酵母利用半纤维素发酵生产乙醇的性能,利用分子生物学技术构建能够利用木糖的基因工程酵母。选取酿酒酵母染色体的rDNA重复序列作为外源基因整合位点,依此构建多拷贝染色体整合型载体pUG-LR。采用融合表达策略扩增得到含有酿酒酵母乙醇脱氢酶启动子PADH和树干毕赤酵母木糖还原酶基因xyl1的融合序列,并将其插入pUG-LR载体中,构建成含遗传霉素G418抗性标记的同源重组质粒pUG-LR-XYL1。以工业酿酒酵母ZU-01为宿主,通过优化后的电穿孔法将重组质粒导入经缓冲液处理的酵母细胞,30℃培养。通过提高YEPX复筛培养基G418浓度,得到10株生长较快的优良性状转化子。在不含G418的YEPX培养基上传代8次以上,以转化子基因组DNA为模板,进行PCR检测,均可获得目的基因片段。研究结果表明:木糖还原酶基因xyl1已定向整合于ZU-01染色体DNA上并稳定遗传,为后续构建工业酿酒酵母的木糖代谢通路、利用木糖产酒精的重组菌株奠定了基础。     

Incorporating setting information for maintenance‐free quality modeling of batch processes

Typically, the operation condition of the batch process is changed frequently, following different recipes or manufacturing various production grades. For quality prediction purpose, the prediction model should also be updated or rebuilt, which leads to a significant model maintenance effort, especially for those processes which have various phases. To reduce such effort, a maintenance‐free method is proposed in this article, which incorporates the setting information of the batch process for modeling. The whole process variations are separated into two parts: setting information related and other quality related variations. By constructing a relationship between setting variables and other process variables, the data variations explained by the setting information can be efficiently removed. Then, a robust regression model connecting process variables to the quality variable is developed in different phases of the batch process. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated through an industrial injection molding process. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 772–779, 2013     

循环流化床锅炉飞灰增湿低温悬浮脱硫特性

以循环流化床锅炉飞灰作为实验对象,研究增湿活化飞灰在低温悬浮反应器中的脱硫特性。实验结果表明：增湿低温悬浮脱硫过程中,当水钙比能保证反应器中增湿灰的悬浮流化状态时,反应温度对钙利用率存在促进与抑制作用。水钙比为1时,钙利用率随反应温度的升高而增大;水钙比为3、5时,钙利用率随反应温度升高先升高后降低;水钙比为10时,钙利用率随反应温度的升高而降低;当水钙比为10,飞灰增湿低温悬浮脱硫可将循环流化床锅炉飞灰初始钙利用率由41%提高至60%左右,最佳反应温度在60～80℃之间。扫描电镜表明,飞灰增湿活化后,飞灰颗粒表面空隙增多、产生裂缝,有利于进一步在悬浮反应器中脱硫。     

Experimental study of improved two step synthesis for DME production

Dimethyl ether (DME) has received growing attention due to its potential use as a multi-purpose fuel. A new technical route of improved two step synthesis is proposed for DME production, which is composed of methanol synthesis and methanol dehydration in a fixed-bed reactor. The influences of the operating conditions including reaction pressure, temperature, H₂/CO mole ratio in the syngas and space velocity on CO conversion, selectivity and yield of DME are investigated. CO conversion and DME yield both increase monotonically with the pressure increase. The optimal reaction temperatures for the synthesis and dehydration of methanol are different. CO conversion increases at first and keeps constant when the H₂/CO mole ratio is above 2. DME yield increases obviously and then decreases gradually with the space velocity increase. The optimal conditions are obtained to maximize the CO conversion and DME selectivity. The reaction temperatures of the top and bottom stage are in the range of 270-280 °C and 235-245 °C, respectively. The optimal ratio of H₂/CO is above 2, and the space velocity is in the range of 1000-1300 h^− 1.     

Filtration combustion characteristics of low calorific gas in SiC foams

This study investigated the combustion characteristics of low calorific gas in silicon carbide (SiC) foam. The temperature distribution, reaction zone, maximum temperature, and combustion wave propagation velocity were analysed at different inlet velocities, equivalence ratios of premixed gases, and pore densities. The temperature distribution near the reaction zone was determined by a time-based method. Super-adiabatic combustion was obtained in porous media under different conditions. The experimental results showed that higher temperatures were obtained in SiC foams of 30 pores per inch (PPI) than those measured for foam of 20 PPI. Increased equivalence ratio of premixed gases and pore density led to a thicker reaction zone and a higher preheating efficiency in the preheating zone. The combustion wave propagation velocity, which was less than 2 mm/s under these experimental conditions, was increased with increased inlet velocity and decreased equivalence ratio of premixed gases. The combustion wave propagation in foams of 20 PPI had the lowest velocity because of the good match of convection and radiation.     

coarse-grained CFD-DEM方法在不同流态流化床中的模拟验证

传统CFD-DEM方法的计算量随着系统内颗粒数目的增加而显著增加，coarse-grained CFD-DEM（粗颗粒）方法将若干个真实颗粒打包成虚拟颗粒从而显著减小系统计算量。在coarse-grained CFD-DEM方法进行应用之前，对其进行广泛的验证是有必要的。采用coarse-grained CFD-DEM方法模拟得到不同流态流化床的气固流动特征（固含率、压降、颗粒速度等），与传统CFD-DEM和实验测量吻合较好。另外，系统的计算效率随着粗颗粒放大系数的增加显著提升。研究表明，粗颗粒方法能够以较小的计算精度损失而使计算速度大幅提升，能够适用于大尺度稠密气固流动系统的模拟。     

数字全息在线测量煤粉粒度分布

煤粉粒度是燃煤电厂的重要指标,在线测量煤粉粒度能够即时指导锅炉优化运行,对节能减排具有重要意义。搭建了一套模拟一次风粉管道的煤粉粒径在线测量的装置,解决了传统取样方法堵塞和测量实时性差的问题,并设计实验研究数字全息在线测量煤粉粒度的可行性和可靠性。实验结果表明,数字全息在线测量煤粉粒度分布曲线与激光粒度仪的测量曲线趋势一致,平均粒径相对误差为5.6%,表征粒度分布的关键参数d₅₀和d₉₀的相对误差均低于2%,满足工业应用的需求。数字全息技术对稀释前后不同浓度的煤粉粒径关键参数的测量相对误差均低于7%,稀释前后的煤粉粒度的数量分布和体积曲线的趋势一致,验证了数字全息技术在线测量煤粉粒度分布的可靠性,为整体测量装置的开发奠定了基础。