硫酸钾催化环氧氯丙烷与三乙胺的反应研究

首次将硫酸钾作为催化剂,引入到环氧丙基三乙基氯化铵中间体的合成反应中。与无催化剂体系相比,催化下的反应速率大幅度提高,反应时间显著缩短。以环氧氯丙烷的转化率和产物中环氧基保留率的乘积作为中间体性能的评价指标,通过正交实验优化出最佳条件:甲醇水溶液为溶剂,反应温度50℃、n(硫酸钾)∶n(环氧氯丙烷)=0.010、n(三乙胺)∶n(环氧氯丙烷)=1.0、反应时间为1.5 h。该条件下,环氧氯丙烷的转化率可达92.02%,产物中环氧基保留率达到70.67%。可见硫酸钾用于催化环氧丙基三乙基氯化铵的合成反应是适宜的。     

Simultaneous Determination of Ten Ginsenosides in American Ginseng Functional Foods and Ginseng Raw Plant Materials by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

A method was established for simultaneous determination of ten ginsenosides (ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rf, Rb3, 20(S)-F1, 20(S)-F2, Rg3, 20(S)-Rh2, and pseudoginsenoside F11) in American ginseng functional foods and ginseng raw plant materials by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. After samples were ultrasonically extracted with 60 % (v/v) methanol aqueous solution, centrifuged, and filtered, the analytes in sample solution were separated by a Hypersil Gold column (2.1?×?150 mm, 5 μm) at 25 °C with a programmed gradient elution. Mobile phases consisting of 0.01 % (v/v) formic acid aqueous solution and methanol were used for elution with a flow rate of 250 μL/min. Qualitative determination was completed by comparison with characteristic ion pairs and retention time of the targeted compounds using selective reaction monitoring mode. Digoxin was used as internal standard in positive ionization mode. The internal standard curves were used for quantification. The limits of detection of the method were from 1.0 to 5.0 mg/kg. The linear dynamic ranges covered from 10 to 5,000 μg/L (R ²?≥?0.99). Principal component analysis was used for distinguishing ginseng sources of the functional foods. Thirty-seven samples, including 11 American ginseng raw plants, 12 labeled American ginseng functional foods, 5 notoginsengs, 5 Asian ginsengs, and 4 red ginsengs, were analyzed by this method. The results showed that five labeled American ginseng functional foods might have quality defects and six functional foods might be adulterated. This method can be applied to quality control and ginseng source assessment of American ginseng functional foods.     

Neodymium-chromium doped phosphate glasses as luminescent solar concentrators

A luminescent solar concentrator based on Nd³⁺ and Cr³⁺ doubly doped lithium aluminium phosphate glass for solar energy conversion applications has been presented. Absorption and fluorescence spectra and quantum yield of lithium aluminium phosphate glasses are reported. The dependence of the light concentration coefficient versus dopant concentration and attenuation of the guided light in the luminescent solar concentrator have been studied. The best results were obtained for glass doped with 0.07 × 10²⁰ ions/cm³ of Cr³⁺ and 6.97 × 10²⁰ ions/cm³ of Nd³⁺. In addition, technology and properties of silicon solar cells operating with luminescent solar concentrators have been briefly outlined.     

多通道高速相参同步数据采集与存储系统设计

在某些电子测量测试应用场合里,要求对模拟信号进行相参数据采集,采集系统使用的采样时钟、数字下变频时钟和触发信号均由某个高稳时钟源通过分频和倍频得到,这样可以保证采集到的信号严格保持原始信号的相参性.目前广泛应用的美国国家仪器（National Instrument,NI）高速数字采集系统没有采样时钟和数字下变频时钟采用同一个外时钟源的模块,需要在现有模块的基础上进行二次开发.针对这个需求,采用目前市场上常见的NI模块,构建了采用外时钟的多通道高速相参同步数据采集与存储系统.对系统时钟变换、数字正交下变频和高速流盘等系统设计的几个关键技术,进行了详细分析并给出设计方案.     

有限域FP上的DFT在秘密共享中的应用

为了提高Shamir (m,n)门限方案中的n个共享的生成速度和m个共享者恢复密钥的运算速度,将Shamir (m,n)门限方案中采用拉格朗日插值法生成n个共享和m个共享者恢复密钥的方法,改为利用有限域上的离散傅里叶变换(DFT)来实现。由于有限域上的DFT也具循环卷积性和类似复数域上FFT的快速算法,从而可以提高n个共享的生成速度。当m >[n/2]时,能够提高可信中心构作n个共享的运算速度,特别当门限数m与共享数n相等且为2的方幂时,还能够提高共享者恢复密钥的运算速度。     

基于行走拓扑结构分析的行人检测

针对计算机视觉应用中的行人检测,当运动目标受到非刚性形变、光照、色彩和遮挡等因素影响时如何建立高鲁棒性的特征描述,本文提出了一种基于语义级行走动作拓扑结构的行人特征,对上述噪声和运动参数不敏感,并且数据量小。算法首先由运动能量图像(MEI,motion energy image)建立行走动态数据,然后抽象为骨架拓扑结构,输入二级级联检测器完成检测。实验表明,该算法可以有效地在光照、形变和遮挡等情况下对行人进行检测。     

分层的文本信息隐藏研究

针对文本载体冗余度小的问题,提出一种在文本中分层隐藏信息的技术,建立了一个由待藏信息表示层、待藏信息加密层、载体内容层、载体内码层和载体版式层五个层次组成的隐藏模型.待藏信息表示层将待藏信息编码成不可读的符号序列,待藏信息加密层则对这些不可读符号序列进一步加密.载体内容层在句法、语义和语用上对前一层的输出进行嵌入隐藏,载体内码层和载体版式层分别通过选择载体文字自身的机器编码标准及版式来隐藏信息.每层有控制信息和数据信息作为参数,各层各司其职,高度独立.根据不同的隐藏要求,可以选择跳过某层,直接进入下层.介绍了各层的隐藏技术和方法,并在微软的Word文本中实现了该5层隐藏模型.     

脱碳处理对Pt/WC复合材料催化性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以钨酸钠为钨源、酚醛树脂为碳源合成碳化钨前驱体干凝胶,经原位碳化制备纳米碳化钨（WC）粉体,纳米WC粉体中的玻璃碳采用浓硝酸浸渍法脱除。在纳米WC粉料浆中以甲醛（HCHO）作为氯铂酸（H2PtCl6·6H2O）的还原剂,室温合成得到Pt/WC复合催化剂材料;以XRD、SEM、EDS等测试方法对样品的理化特性进行表征,并在酸性介质中采用循环伏安法测试材料的电化学催化活性。结果表明：相较于未经过脱碳处理的WC,经过浓硝酸脱碳处理后的Pt/WC电极催化材料的催化活性更好。经溶胶-凝胶法及原位碳化制备的纳米WC的颗粒径为20-80纳米,其本身具备较好的电催化活性。样品中残留的玻璃碳对WC具有包覆作用,会降低WC的电催化活性。采取浓硝酸脱碳的方式可有效脱除纳米WC粉体中的玻璃碳,发挥WC材料作为电极催化材料的电催化活性。     

Effects of Hydrogen Ion Implantation on TiCC Coating of Stainless Steel

Titanium carbide coatings are widely used as various wearresistant material. The hydrogen erosion resistance of TiCC films and the effect of hydrogen participation on TiCC films were studied. Seventyfive percent TiCC films are prepared on stainless steel surface by using ion mixing, where TiCC films are deposited by rf magnetron sputtering followed by argon ion bombardment. The samples are then submitted to hydrogen ion implantation at 12×10-3 Pa. Characterization for the 75% TiCC films was done with SIMS, XRD, AES, and XPS. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) was used to analyze hydrogen concentration variation with depth, XRay diffraction (XRD) was used to identify the phases, and Auger electron spectra (AES) as well as Xray photoelectron spectra (XPS) were used to check the effects of hydrogen on shifts of chemical bonding states of C and Ti in the TiCC films. It is found that TiCC films on stainless steel surface can prevent hydrogen from entering stainless steel.