Reducing ghost marks in injection-molded plastic parts by using external gas-assisted holding pressure

Ghost marks are gloss-related defects in injection-molded plastics that cause uncertain visual darkness depending on the viewing angle. Conventionally, these minor defects are not substantial, but they cannot be overlooked when they diminish the appearance quality of plastic parts such as dashboards in luxury automobiles. This work investigated the causes and effects of ghost marks through experimental observations of a tensile-test sample, which was assessed to determine the improvement of its appearance quality with respect to processing parameters including mold and melt temperatures as well as injection speed and pressure. To reduce defects, external gas-assisted injection molding (eGAIM) that engages the packs on the reverse of in-molded parts with external gas pressure was further employed. For objectively evaluating the gloss qualities of the tested samples, the captured images of part surfaces were converted into grayscale images, and the degrees of defect were then quantized as the deviation values of the grayscale images. The results showed that high mold and melt temperatures as well as high injection speed and pressure facilitated increasing the quality of the parts, but exhibited limitations. Furthermore, in this study, employing external GAIM with gas packing pressure above 3 MPa successfully eliminated ghost marks.     

Experimental research on micro hole drilling of polycrystalline Nd:YAG

Polycrystalline Nd:YAG materials have wide applications in solid-state lasers. In this study, micro hole drilling experiments were performed on polycrystalline Nd:YAG using a polycrystalline diamond micro drill. The hole diameter, edge chipping, and hole wall surface quality were examined in detail. The results showed that the hole diameter was slightly larger than tool diameter. A diameter error of less than 5.5% was achieved. The edge chipping at the entry hole was formed by the encircled petal shape exfoliations, which were produced by the indentation and rotation movement in the drilling entry stage. Edge chipping at the exit hole was generated by an entire piece of exfoliation, which was produced by a circle of microcracks around the tool tip propagating to the bottom surface in the drilling exit stage. The edge chipping width at the entry hole was smaller than that at the exit hole. Based on different material removal modes, the hole surface morphology was classified into three types: ductile removal, coexisting ductile and brittle removal, and brittle removal. The hole surface quality mainly depended on the proportion of the brittle fracture to ductile removal surface.     

高温服役后TP347HFG钢的组织与性能

利用金相显微镜、SEM、EDS和万能试验机分析了过热器管TP347HFG钢高温运行1.2×10⁴ h和7.5×10⁴ h后的组织与性能。结果表明,高温服役1.2×10⁴ h和7.5×10⁴ h后,TP347HFG钢仍保持明显的孪晶特征,析出的NbC有利于保持材料的组织稳定性。TP347HFG钢高温服役后力学性能能够保持稳定,随服役时间增加,强度增加而塑性变化不大。     

Pressure-sensitive properties of emulsion modified graphene nanoplatelets/cement composites

Graphene nanoplatelets(GNP)/cement composites were prepared using three types of GNP with different structures. In order to investigate the effects of GNP and styrene-acrylate emulsion on properties of GNP/cement composites, GNP with different addition (0-2.0 wt%) and styrene-acrylate emulsion (10 wt%) were mixed into cement through the method of mechanical stirring. Electrical performance and the pressure-sensitive property of GNP/cement composites were studied. The results showed that the addition of GNP to cement would lead to a significant drop of resistivity and make composites manifest pressure sensitivity. In addition, the structure (C/O atomic ratio) of GNP greatly affected the properties of the GNP/cement composites. A distinct enhancement in pressure sensitivity was found when emulsion was added to GNP/cement composites. The gauge factor of emulsion modified GNP/cement composites reached a peak value of 7.783, which was 1 order of magnitude higher than composites without emulsion. This work offered a new opportunity to make use of traditional cement materials combining with GNP.     

随机工件的点云场景CAD模型的快速识别与定位

工业机器人精准抓取工件的前提是能够获取到目标工件的位置与位姿的信息。提出一种在三维点云场景对随机摆放目标工件的快速、精准的识别与定位的方法。在复杂点云场景中随机采样并提取关键点组成随机点对表征局部特征,再与由物体CAD模型建立的三维匹配模板进行配准,获得一系列候选位姿。利用表面相似点占比多次优化位姿,确定目标工件最佳位姿。最后利用虚拟相机投影二维视图到图像坐标系直观呈现结果。选择汽车座椅连接件作为验证实验的实验对象,实验结果表明:目标工件平移方向上拟合误差可以达到0.3 mm左右,旋转的拟合误差可以达到0.8°左右,具有较高的稳定与高效性能。     

燃烧调整对炉内温度分布及NOx排放的影响

采用具有三维温度场可视化监控系统的300MW四角切圆燃煤锅炉,研究燃烧调整对炉内温度分布和NOx排放规律的影响。结果表明,总风量调整、总燃料量扰动、燃烧器摆角调整、层间燃料量调整、燃烧器不同组合以及单层燃烧器燃料调整直接影响炉内沿高度方向的温度场分布、NOx的排放量、飞灰含碳量和辐射能。NOx排放量与实时炉内温度分布密切相关,这与已逐渐成熟的NOx生成机理的研究结果一致。     

人工鱼群算法在孔群加工路径优化中的应用研究

将人工鱼群算法应用于孔群加工路径优化的研究,建立以最短加工路径为目标的路径优化数学模型,阐述算法实施的具体过程并进行算例分析。结果表明,该方法求最优解的性能优于Hopfield算法、进化蚁群算法、人工免疫算法以及改进的遗传算法,获得的最优路径可以节省71.47%的行走路程。     

基于当地摩擦因数的绝热气动管道流量特性参数计算

在等截面直管绝热有壁面摩擦一维可压缩管道流动模型的基础上,推导以管道进口截面速度因数为自变量的气动管道流量特性参数函数S/A（管道有效截面积与横截面积之比）和临界压力比b的基本表达式。采用基于当地摩擦因数求解管道平均摩擦因数的新方法,直接计算出总压为0.6MPa、总温为300K、长度为1～50m、内径为2.5～9mm尼龙管的流量特性参数S和b,并与经验值进行了比较。S和b的理论计算值与经验曲线变化趋势相同,且计算值与经验值相吻合,表明新方法可以在相当程度上反映气动管道流量特性参数变化的物理本质。将新方法得到的有效截面积S的理论计算值下跌20%、临界压力比b的理论计算值上浮40%,即可作为同等条件下选用气动系统尼龙管的经验推荐值使用。