Wound healing and the immune response in swine treated with a hemostatic bandage composed of salmon thrombin and fibrinogen

We investigated the inflammatory response in pigs exposed to salmon fibrinogen/thrombin dressings. Animals were exposed to the material in 3 ways: (a) thrombin and fibrinogen were injected intravenously, (b) dual full-thickness skin lesions were surgically created on the dorsal aspect of the swine and treated with the fibrinogen/thrombin bandage and a commercial bandage or (c) a fibrinogen/thrombin bandage was inserted through an abdominal incision into the peritoneal cavity. Blood was collected twice weekly and animals were sacrificed at 7, 10 or 28 days. Animals in the 28-day dermal lesion group were given an injection of salmon fibrinogen/thrombin at the 10 day point to simulate a second bandage application. The immune response manifested itself as induction of germinal centers in mesenteric lymph nodes and in the white pulp of the spleen. Examination of the histology of the skin and organs showed a cellular inflammatory response with granulation tissue and signs of edema that resolved by the 28-day stage. Antibodies reactive to salmon and human thrombin and fibrinogen were detected, but fibrinogen levels and coagulation processes were not affected. In conclusion, animals treated with salmon fibrinogen/thrombin bandages demonstrated a smooth recovery course in terms of both tissue healing and the immune response without adverse effects from the exposure to the fish proteins.     

高阻尼设计反应谱阻尼修正系数的评估

针对目前提出的多种阻尼修正系数计算公式,选取了120条II类场地强震记录建立了10%、20%、30%三种不同阻尼比的高阻尼反应谱,通过比较精确谱和近似谱对5种典型计算公式的适用性进行分析。鉴于位移谱和加速度谱之间的转换是建立在拟谱关系上,且这种关系仅在结构阻尼较小以及忽略正余弦差异时才成立,因此对适用于建立高阻尼加速度谱和位移谱的阻尼修正系数计算公式分别进行了评价。通过分析可知,对II类场地而言,LinChang和中国建筑抗震设计规范建议的阻尼修正系数计算公式分别在估计高阻尼位移谱和加速度谱时有较好的适用性。     

An efficient simulation approach for multivariate nonstationary process: Hybrid of wavelet and spectral representation method

Currently, the classical spectral representation method (SRM) for nonstationary process simulation is widely used in the engineering community. Although this scheme has the higher accuracy, the time-dependent spectra results in unavailability of fast Fourier transform (FFT) and thus the simulation efficiency is lower. On the other hand, the approach based on stochastic decomposition can apply FFT in the simulation. However, the algorithm including the fitting procedure is relatively complicated and thus limits its use in practice.In this paper, the hybrid efficient simulation method is proposed for the vector-valued nonstationary process, which contains the spectra decomposition via wavelets and SRM. This method can take advantage of FFT and is also straightforward to engineering application. Numerical examples are employed to evaluate the proposed method. Results show that the method performs fairly well for the scalar process and vector-valued process with real coherence function. In the case of complex coherence function, the majority of the phase in the coherence function cannot be remained in the simulation. In addition, the validity of proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) in nonstationary process simulation via the decomposition of the time-dependent nonstationary spectra is studied. Analysis shows that the direct use of POD in nonstationary spectra decomposition may not be useful in nonstationary process simulations.     

Experimental and analytical system identification of Eynel arch type steel highway bridge

This paper describes a full scale arch type steel highway bridges, its finite element modelling and Operational Modal Analysis. Eynel Highway Bridge which has arch type structural system with a total length of 336 m and located in the Ayvacık county of Samsun, Turkey is selected as a case study. The bridge connects the villages which are separated with Suat Uğurlu Dam Lake. The three dimensional finite element model is constructed using project drawings and an analytical modal analysis is then performed to generate natural frequencies and mode shapes in the three-orthogonal directions. The ambient vibration tests on the bridge deck under natural excitation such as traffic, human walking and wind loads are conducted using Operational Modal Analysis. Sensitive seismic accelerometers are used to collect signals obtained from the experimental tests. To obtain experimental dynamic characteristics, two output-only system identification methods are employed namely, Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition method in the frequency domain and Stochastic Subspace Identification method in time domain. The correlation between the finite element model and experimental results is studied. Good agreement is found between dynamic characteristics in the all measurement test setups performed on the bridge deck. It is demonstrated that the ambient vibration measurements using Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition and Stochastic Subspace Identification methods are enough to identify the most significant modes of steel highway bridges. It is seen that there are some differences between analytical and experimental natural frequencies and experimental natural frequencies are generally bigger than the others.     

基于压弯耦合效应下预应力梁的竖向自由振动研究

基于大位移广义变分原理,考虑梁的压弯耦合、剪切应变能和转动惯量的影响,建立了预应力梁的不完全广义势能泛函,通过对位移变分,推导出预应力梁自由振动微分方程。并以预应力混凝土简支梁和悬臂梁为例,通过引入边界条件,求出了自由振动频率的解答。对比Bernoulli-Eular梁和Timoshenko梁,详细分析了轴向荷载、剪切效应和转动惯量对自振频率的影响,研究发现,轴向压力荷载可使梁的自振频率降低,反之增大。剪切变形的影响约为转动惯量的3倍,随着主模态阶数的增加和长细比L/r的减小,轴向荷载、剪切变形和转动惯量的影响非常显著。因此,对于预应力混凝土梁,当跨高比L/h≤8,或长细比L/r≤28时,必须考虑轴向荷载、剪切变形和转动惯量的影响,通过与Bernoulli-Eular梁和Timoshenko梁的精确解相比较,证明该文的解答是正确的。     

Flexural Fatigue Behavior of Layered Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete

In order to obtain the fatigue life of layered hybrid fiber reinforced concrete （LHFRC） at different stress levels, flexural fatigue tests were carried out on specimens. The relation between fatigue lives and stress levels was simulated using the two-parameter Weibull distribution. Furthermore, both single- logarithmic and double-logarithmic regressive equations of various reliabilities were derived. It is evident that LHFRC gets the advantage of longer fatigue life over common concrete.     

网壳结构火灾反应非线性有限元分析

采用欧洲钢结构协会推荐的钢材高温材料模型确定了钢材的弹性模量和极限强度。通过对导热微分方程进行数值求解,确定了结构钢构件内部的温度场。在此基础上,采用非线性有限元方法分析了空间网壳结构的火灾反应。结果表明,在火灾作用下,网壳结构的承载力迅速降低并最终导致结构的倒塌。     

基于关联度的预应力混凝土梁桥综合评估方法

考虑预应力混凝土梁桥的结构特点，建立了缺损预应力混凝土梁桥多层次评估模型，提出模型中各项评价指标并初步确定其分级标准；由于影响每个评价指标的因素很多，故构造正态关联函数计算确定无下属层元素评价指标与相应各评价等级的关联度，并在对模型中分项层及指标层元素进行评价时，考虑同下属于某元素的各元素的缺损状态进行权重修正计算；采用关联度及部件评定标度与全桥结构技术状态评分共同表征桥梁的缺损状态。     

Evaluation of low-temperature performance of asphalt paving mixtures

Low temperature cracking is the major damage in asphalt pavement, and many test methods have been used to evaluate the anti-cracking property of asphalt mixture. This paper evaluates the low temperature performance of asphalt mixture using four tests namely: beam bending test, indirect tensile test, contraction coefficient test and thermal stress restrained specimen test. Five types of asphalt mixtures namely: A, B, C, D and E were evaluated. Results show that compared with the thermal stress restrained specimen test, beam bending test, indirect tensile test and contraction coefficient test are not appropriate for the evaluation of asphalt mixtures low temperature performance. Moreover, results of gray relational analysis demonstrate that the bending strain energy density is significantly correlated to fracture temperature. It is reasonable to adopt the critical values of bending strain energy density to evaluate the low temperature performance of asphalt mixture in the absence of fracture temperature.     

Facile synthesis of lanthanum hypophosphite and its application in glass-fiber reinforced polyamide 6 as a novel flame retardant

This work developed flame retarded glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6 (FR-GFPA) composites with excellent mechanical properties, thermal stability and flame retardancy using a novel flame retardant, lanthanum hypophosphite (LaHP). The flame-retarded properties of FR-GFPA composites were characterized by limiting oxygen index, Underwriters Laboratories 94 testing and cone calorimeter test. FR-GFPA composite with 20 wt% LaHP reached V-0 rating and a high LOI value (27.5 vol%). The mechanical performance analysis showed that both the storage modulus and tensile strength increased and then decreased with the increase of LaHP loading. For FR-GFPA composite with 15 wt% LaHP loading, the storage modulus was 164% higher than that of glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6 (GFPA). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and char residue characterization showed that the addition of LaHP can promote the formation of compact physical char barrier, reduce the mass loss rate and thus improve the flame retardancy of FR-GFPA composites.