喷墨技术在PCB制造中的应用

近年来,随着喷墨技术的不断发展,将数字化喷墨印刷技术应用于PCB制造成为可能,对于PCB制造业来说也是一次历史性的飞跃。本文综述了目前正在研究的几项制造PCB的新技术,包括喷涂字符油墨、抗蚀刻油墨和阻焊油墨,可以用含纳米金属颗粒的导电墨水直接将电路图形喷在聚酯片基上,固化后形成电路,还可以通过喷出相应特性的墨水来制造电容器及电阻器等器件。总之,采用喷墨技术制造PCB速度快,成本低,布线密度高,因此发展前景乐观。     

Preparation and characterization of calcium carbonate/low‐density‐polyethylene nanocomposites

Calcium carbonate/low‐density‐polyethylene (LDPE) nanocomposites have been prepared by melting blend with twin‐screw extruder. The mechanical properties of composites and the dispersion of the nanoparticles were studied. The reinforcement mechanism was discussed. The results show that not only the tensile property but also the flexural modulus of the system have been evidently increased by the addition of calcium carbonate. The calcium carbonate particles have been dispersed in the matrix in the nanometer scale. The reinforcement mechanism of the calcium carbonate lies on that the calcium carbonate particles, acting as hetero‐nuclei, can induce higher crystallinity at the matrix‐particle interface compared to regions away from the interface. Consequently, in the process of the tensile test, the nanocomposites have better tensile yield strength. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

能流结构图式分析法在丙烯热泵精馏工艺中的应用

提出了一种图式热力学分析新工具－能流结构图，并力图以此为基础，形成一种称之为能流结构图式热力学分析的新方法。该法采用图形方式将技术能量系统的用能特征可视化，使人们便于分析处理大量，复杂的信息，便于把握系统特性，进而完成系统的能量分析与集成，提出创新的节能方案。以该方法在2万t/a的丙烯精馏工艺中的应用为例，证明了新方法的实用性和有效性。     

硫化方法对橡胶/黏土纳米复合材料黏土片层分散状态的影响

通过熔体插层法以及常压硫化法制备了橡胶/黏土纳米复合材料,并与模压硫化法制备的复合材料进行了对比,研究了硫化方法对橡胶/黏土纳米复合材料微观分散状态的影响。结果表明:采用熔体插层法制备的橡胶/黏土混合物,其受限状态的橡胶大分子链在高温、高压条件下,在黏土片层之间处于一种热力学不稳定状态;模压处理会对橡胶/黏土混合物的分散状态产生不利影响。透射电子显微镜和X光衍射分析表明,采用模压硫化、常压硫化得到的丁基橡胶或丁苯橡胶/黏土纳米复合材料中黏土片层的微观分散状态不同;排除压力的影响,常压硫化有利于提高橡胶/黏土纳米复合材料中黏土片层的分散程度。     

EVA悬浮填料的制备及硝化反应的研究

用活性炭填充弹性高发泡乙烯／醋酸乙烯共聚物颗粒制备新型悬浮填料，在悬浮填料移动床工艺中为微生物提供附着生长的载体。载体具有通孔结构，从表面到内部形成不同溶解氧梯度，在反应器内发生同时硝化反硝化反应（SND）。研究表明，当双螺杆挤出温度为185℃、交联剂过氧化二异丙苯为1％（质量分数，下同）、发泡剂偶氮二甲酰氨为1．5％、活性炭为18％时，填料密度和空隙率分别达到0．85g／mL和60％。在复合式生物反应器中处理模拟生活污水，发生SND的工艺条件为：溶解氧（DO）为2．0～2．2mg／L，碳氮比（COD／YH4^＋-N，简写为C／N）为30，水力停留时间为5h。     

分子印迹菌丝体吸附树脂在印刷电路板废水处理中的应用

采用新型分子印迹菌丝体(Penicillium chrysogenum)吸附树脂处理印刷电路板废水,当铜的初始质量浓度为120 mg/L,pH=5时,静态吸附容量为53 mg/g左右,比商业树脂732提高15%左右;解析率在1 min即达到85%以上,而商业树脂732仅为11%.在中试实验中,连续运行80 h后,出口废水中铜质量浓度仍低于1.0 mg/L左右.与传统处理方法相比较,该法简化了废水处理工艺,节省大量的化学药品,大大降低了废水处理成本.     

湍流化学反应的分形数值模拟

基于涡串唯象概念和分形理论,建立了能够表达湍流多尺度结构物理特性的分形湍流化学反应模型,针对Steckler室内燃烧过程进行了数值模拟研究.湍流流动采用浮力修正的κ-ε双方程模型来模拟,辐射由Rosseland模型描述,整个模拟过程由ANSYS-CFX10.0实现.将模拟结果与Steckler的燃烧实验数据进行对比,并与EDC燃烧模型及文献中EBU燃烧模型的模拟结果进行对比.结果表明,FM燃烧模型模拟得出的温度、速度场分布与实验数据能够较好地吻合,是一种有前途的湍流化学反应模拟方法.     

反溶剂重结晶法制备萘普生超细微粒

在溶剂(丙酮)-反溶剂(水)体系下,采用反溶剂重结晶法制备了超细萘普生微粒。研究了不同溶剂-反溶剂体积比、重结晶温度、表面活性剂用量及陈化条件对重结晶产物粒径和形貌的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、表面吸附(BET)、红外光谱(IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)等检测手段对原料药和重结晶产物进行了对比分析。实验结果表明,当溶剂与反溶剂体积比为1:20,重结晶温度为4～8℃,表面活性剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)的质量分数为0.5%～1.0%,60℃下陈化2 h时。可得到短径300～500 nm,长径1～2μm的超细萘普生粉体。重结晶所得产物的晶型和物理性质均未发生变化,但粒度显著减小,形貌趋于规整且比表面积增加至原料药的5.3倍。     

Novel tin‐coupled star‐shaped medium vinyl butadiene rubber. I. Arm number and its effect on properties

To achieve low rolling resistance, high wet grip, and favorable overall performance, star‐shaped medium vinyl butadiene rubber (S‐MVBR) was designed and prepared by “core‐first” method, where novel multifunctional organolithium containing Sn atom as initiator, THF as structure regulator, and carbon–hydrogen compound as solvent. The results showed that coupling reaction between SnCl₄ and dilithium is stoichiometrical, and this method has much higher efficiency than the “arm‐first” method. When dilithium is composed of 4–10 repeating units, the average arm number of S‐MVBR is conveniently controlled between 3 and 5 by initiator functionality, which can be easily regulated by the mole ratio of active lithium of dilithium short chain to Cl^? in SnCl₄. As Sn coupling decreases numbers of noncrosslinking free ends, S‐MVBR has lower rolling resistance, dynamic heating and higher wet grip than linear MVBR. Meanwhile, mechanical properties and processing properties are improved. And the formation of multiarm structure has little effect on viscosity. S‐MVBR with arm number of 3.8 has optimal overall performance. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 3917–3923, 2007