New Systems of Rare Earth Permanent Magnets for Generation of Extrahigh Magnetic Fields

Various systems, which are composed of rare-earth permanent magnets and generate strong magnetic fields, are calculated. Strong fields are taken to mean the fields with the strength, which exceeds the magnet induction. Calculated values of the strength of strong fields can mount to 20–150 kOe. Depending on form of domains where this fields are localized they can be classified as linear and point fields, the corresponding systems can be named linear and point as well. It was shown that the maximal linear field can be obtained in Halbach cylinder (prism), in which this field tends to H_x = 4πM_s ln(a/x) with increasing of number of component sectors. The maximal point field is reached in systems composed of many conical magnets, divided by many sectors. The strength of such field tends to the value H_x = 8πM_s ln(a/x). Experimental values of strong fields measured in some systems by various methods are in good agreement with calculated data.     

Design of noise and period-time robust high-order repetitive control, with application to optical storage

Repetitive control is useful if periodic disturbances or setpoints act on a control system. Perfect (asymptotic) disturbance rejection is achieved if the period time is exactly known. The improved disturbance rejection at the periodic frequency and its harmonics is achieved at the expense of a degraded system sensitivity at intermediate frequencies. A convex optimization problem is defined for the design of high-order repetitive controllers, where a trade-off can be made between robustness for changes in the period time and for reduction of the error spectrum in-between the harmonic frequencies. The high-order repetitive control algorithms are successfully applied in experiments with the tracking control of a CD-player system.     

Author's reply to “Comments on ‘Performance evaluation of UKF-based nonlinear filtering”’

It is stated in the above-mentioned comment that the main result of the paper Xiong, Zhang, et al. [(2006). Performance evaluation of UKF-based nonlinear filtering. Automatica 42(2), 261-270] can be extended to a class of filters, such as the extended Kalman filter (EKF). As we show here, this belief can be justified in a rigorous way, even for the nonlinear stochastic system with a nonlinear measurement equation.     

The influence of heat-treatment on the current-voltage behavior of the ZnO-Bi2O3 based varistors

The post-sintering heat treatment on the current-voltage behavior of the ZnO-Bi₂O₃ based varistors is reported. It is suggested that only phase transition of the Bi₂O₃ is not alone responsible for the resulting electrical performance by these devices. The ambient condition influences the performance parameters. Thus, incorporating the role of oxygen and zinc interstitial in the total device during the post-sintering heat-treatment is accounted as responsible parameters for the ultimate performance. Two recipes are used in demonstrating the effect of heat-treatment on the functional behavior of the devices.     

圆柱形螺旋弹簧的简捷计算

将圆柱形螺旋弹簧设计中的部分常用公式组合成一组仅与弹簧指数Ｃ有关的公式，并将Ｃ＝４～１４代入计算而获得一套参数表，由此，可提高圆柱形螺旋弹簧的设计效率。     

Monitoring unit root and multiple structural changes: An information criterion approach

An information criterion-based model selection method is proposed for monitoring unit root and multiple structural changes. In this method, a battery of possible models is considered by changing the integration order (I(0) or I(1)) and the combinations of change points. Next, the best model is selected from among alternative models via a modified Bayesian information criterion (BIC). Accordingly, on the basis of the selected model, the process that generates the observed time series is determined. The BIC is modified in order to adjust the frequency count of incorrectly selecting stationary models via the conventional BIC. The simulation results of monitoring unit root and structural change suggest that the proposed method outperforms the conventional hypothesis testing method in terms of detection accuracy and detection speed. Furthermore, the empirical results suggest that the proposed method exhibits better performances with regard to detection stability and forecastability.     

Three-Dimensional Solution and Experimental Confirmation for the Electric Resistivity Testing of Surface-Breaking Defects in Green-State Powder Metallurgy Compacts

This paper investigates electrostatic voltage distributions around a surface-breaking flaw due to an injected current of known strength. The direct 3-D solution of the voltage behavior over the flawed surface is obtained numerically by the use of a boundary integral formulation. A novel iteration method is applied to solve the resulting electrostatic integral equation for the unknown surface voltage distribution. In addition to investigating the sensitivity of different flaw sizes to the observed surface voltage distribution, important issues such as suitable probe spacing and current flow orientation are studied. For sufficiently small surface-breaking flaws, a simple image source model is developed to evaluate the voltage response of hairline cracks. The model is tested by comparing it with the developed numerical solution. Experiments aimed at establishing the validity of the modeling approach show remarkable agreement with the theoretical model.     

锡焊机中PLC与单片机之间通信的设计

介绍了本公司锡焊机中S7-200系列PLC与单片机进行通信的方法,包含通信设置,程序设计等。其中硬件以PLC为主机,单片机为从机,AT89C51单片机输出信号通过RS-485总线与S7-200系列PLC进行通信,并简单介绍了通信协议。     

用于智能组卷的自适应小生境复合遗传算法

传统遗传算法的选择策略缺乏多样性保护机制,易出现早熟收敛。为解决智能组卷问题,采取小生境技术完成遗传操作中的种群进化机制。利用个体浓度的大小,设置自适应变异算子,保证种群多样性,防止种群陷入局部收敛;增加阈值以保证算法在接近最优解时回归到自适应遗传算法,简化算法计算量,加快算法的收敛速度。本文提出一种自适应与小生境技术复合遗传算法,来均衡算法的全局搜索和局部快速开发能力。最后,实例验证了所提算法的有效性。     

Fuzzy reliability analysis of nanocomposite ZnO beams using hybrid analytical-intelligent method

A hybrid analytical-intelligent approach is proposed for fuzzy reliability analysis of the composite beams reinforced by zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle. The fuzzy reliability index corresponding to buckling failure mode of nanocomposite beam under thickness-direction external voltage is computed based on three-levels: (1) fuzzy analysis, (2) reliability analysis and (3) analytical buckling analysis. In fuzzy analysis level, an improved gravitational search algorithm has been applied to determine uncertainty interval for membership levels of reliability index. The adaptive formulation with a dynamical self-adjusting process is used for reliability analysis level based on conjugate first-order reliability method (FORM). The self-adjusting term in conjugate sensitivity vector is used to satisfy the sufficient descent condition for controlling instability of FORM formula while the proposed conjugate scalar factor is computed less than the original conjugate FORM, thus it may be provided with the efficient results for the convex problem. The new and previous sensitivity vectors obtained by conjugate and steepest descent vectors dynamically adjusted the proposed conjugate factor. In the buckling analysis level, an exponential theory in conjunction with the method of energy is utilized. Fuzzy random variables including applied voltage, the volume fraction of ZnO, thickness of beam, spring constant and shear constant of the foundation are considered in studied nanocomposite beam. Survey results indicated that the proposed method can provide stable and acceptable fuzzy membership functions for parametric study. Moreover, the ratio of length to thickness and spring constant of foundation are the more sensitive parameters which affect fuzzy reliability index significantly.