一种用于多信道无线Mesh网络的信道分配方法

合理地分配信道是提高多信道无线Mesh网络性能的关键。针对动态信道分配策略平均吞吐率较低的不足,采用相对平衡理论,提出了一种基于可通邻居节点可用信道表的信道分配方法,给出了该方法的主要步骤和具体实现过程,并分析了时间复杂度。节点在进行数据发送前,利用可通邻居节点的可用信道集合,建立可通邻居节点可用信道表和信道优先级队列,在此基础上,选取一个最优信道,并使用改进的RTS/CTS协议进行信道协商和数据收发控制。仿真结果表明,提出的方法在平均吞吐率方面提高了5.2%。     

面向云服务平台的产品感性评价及标注模型

为消除产品设计方案评价过程中个体评价标准的差异,同时进一步提升产品设计方案的评价效率和精度,提出一种基于YOLOv3和DFL-CNN的设计方案智能评价模型。该模型面向工业设计云服务平台,通过基于Darknet-53的YOLOv3算法实现对产品类别的自动标注。以吹风机产品为例,构建了感性语义评价数据集,并通过基于VGG-16的DFL-CNN算法对其造型语义进行细粒度分类,实现了产品类别及其造型感性语义的自动标注。该模型将设计评价问题转换为识别及分类问题,能够实现毫秒级的设计方案评价效率及95%以上的评价精度。最后,通过与不经过YOLOv3的DFL-CNN以及DFL-CNN的基础网络VGG-16进行对比实验,证明了所提模型的有效性及优越性。     

Experimental study on the confined flow over a circular cylinder with a splitter plate

An experimental study was carried out to investigate the effect of a splitter plate on wake flows downstream of a circular cylinder symmetrically placed in a confined channel. A particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurement was applied to visualize the flow structure and analyze changes in the vortex shedding process. The control elements of the splitter plate length, L/D (D is the cylinder diameter) was varied from 0 to 1.5 and Reynolds number, Re_D was considered at 2400 and 3000. The experimental results showed that the splitter plate had an influence on stabilization of wake turbulences in a confined channel. For shorter splitter plate length of L/D=0.5 and 0.75 cases, flow structures were significantly modified and the vortex shedding frequency decreased as compared with bare cylinder cases. For longer splitter plate length of L/D=1, 1.25 and 1.5 cases, the generation of a secondary vortex was observed based on the snapshot proper orthogonal decomposition (snapshot POD) analysis. In addition, turbulent characteristics corresponding to turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and Reynolds shear stress correlations took the lowest values and the dominant vortex shedding frequency disappeared. There was an optimal value of the splitter plate length at L/D=1 on suppression of velocity fluctuations. Moreover, the stabilizing effect of a splitter plate was more obvious at Reynolds number of Re_D=3000 than that at Re_D=2400.     

Mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of Si3N4 ceramics with YF3 and MgO as sintering additives

Si₃N₄ ceramic was densified by hot pressing sintering at 1750 °C for 1 h under the uniaxial pressure of 20 MPa in N₂ atmosphere with YF₃ and MgO as sintering additives. The thermal conductivities of SN-YF specimen were both higher than that of Si₃N₄ ceramic sintered with Y₂O₃ and MgO before and after annealing treatment. The grain size and aspect ratio in SN-YF specimen were both bigger than those in the SN-YO specimen, which was beneficial for the creation of high thermal conductive path. On the other hand, the improvement of thermal conductivity by the addition of YF₃ might be attributed to the reduction of the grain boundary phase due to the evaporation of SiF₄, and the resultant reduction of the lattice oxygen due to the reduction of SiO₂ in the grain boundary phase. The {0001} direction of grains had the probability of growing along the hot pressing direction in the SN-YF specimen, which was beneficial for the improvement of thermal conductivity while the {0001} direction grew along the X₀-Y₀ plane in the SN-YO specimen. The mechanical properties of SN-YF specimen were comparable to those of SN-YO specimen.     

粉末冶金靶材多弧离子镀HY3涂层抗氧化性能

目的 研究靶材制备工艺对多弧离子镀(Arc ion plating,AIP)MCrAlY涂层抗氧化性能的影响。方法 采用粉末冶金方法制备NiCrAlYSi(HY3)靶材,然后采用AIP在DZ125合金基体上制备HY3涂层。在1 100 ℃下对粉末冶金靶材制备涂层进行200 h的静态氧化实验,采用SEM、XRD等对靶材和氧化前后的涂层进行微观组织分析,并与传统铸造靶材进行对比。结果 采用粉末冶金方法制备的靶材成分更加均匀,相尺寸约为5 μm,相较于铸造靶材降低了1个数量级。采用粉末冶金靶材制备的涂层(P涂层)元素分布更均匀、β相含量更高。经过1 100 ℃、200 h的高温氧化,P涂层的氧化增量为1.01 mg/cm²,低于铸造靶材制备的涂层(C涂层,1.10 mg/cm²)。在200 h后,P涂层表面的热生长氧化物(TGO)完整,而C涂层表面的TGO出现了剥落现象,P涂层的活性元素均匀分布,促进TGO内生成了少量弥散分布的钉扎氧化物Y2Hf2O7,提高了TGO的抗剥落能力。更高的β相含量促进了氧化初期θ−Al2O3的快速生成,有利于P涂层生成保护性能更好的TGO。结论 粉末冶金靶材成分的均匀性优于传统铸造靶材,采用粉末冶金靶材制备的HY3涂层的抗高温氧化性能优于铸造靶材制备的HY3涂层。     

圆钢管钢纤维活性粉末混凝土短柱轴压性能试验研究

为研究圆钢管钢纤维活性粉末混凝土（RPC）短柱的轴压性能,完成了7根外径219~273mm的圆钢管钢纤维RPC短柱轴压性能试验,分析了套箍系数、径厚比对轴压试件荷载-应变曲线和破坏特征的影响。结果表明：套箍系数ξ在0.63~0.88时,荷载-位移曲线在峰值荷载后出现下降段,短柱呈现剪切破坏模式;当ξ≥1时,在到达峰值荷载后,荷载下降幅度明显减小或出现回升趋势,短柱呈现腰鼓形破坏模式。在达到峰值荷载的85%之前,试件处于弹性阶段,钢管纵向应变大于横向应变;弹塑性阶段,钢管横向应变增加较快,其横向变形系数超过钢管的泊松比并逐渐增大,钢管对RPC的约束作用不断增强。随着混凝土抗压强度提高,其横向变形系数减小,钢管对核心区RPC约束效果降低。     

建筑雪工程学研究方法综述

建筑雪工程学系指综合物理学、地球环境学、灾害学等交叉学科,从专业角度对建筑（群）及其周围环境冬季受降雪影响进行预测及研究,以抵御由雪灾诱发建筑物倒塌事故的一门学科。从该学科中主要的三种研究方法,即实地观测、试验研究以及数值模拟为切入点对三者的发展进行梳理与深入剖析。对于实地观测,总结了国外规范中考虑风致雪漂移和热力融雪等影响因素的研究历程与相应理论模型的建立,并指出今后我国实测工作应以对足尺建筑屋面积雪特性及其演变机理为重心;通过对近年来试验研究工作的概括总结,梳理了现今试验研究的四种手段,并明确了对应试验手段相似准则的建立与参数的选取,同时指出今后在我国建立专业风雪试验的必要性;通过对CFD数值模拟方法研究进展的回顾,总结了目前数值模拟已取得的成果与存在的不足,为考虑因素全面的新数值模拟方法的发展指明方向。     

充气式张弦穹顶结构静力性能与稳定性研究

基于Tensairity结构概念设计了跨度80m的充气式张弦穹顶结构,建立了精细化的有限元模型,实现了零状态、初始态和荷载态的全过程数值模拟,分析了结构在不同工况下的静力性能和稳定性。研究表明：该结构体系具有良好的静力性能和稳定性,内压在1~4kPa范围内即可保证充气气囊对刚性构件的支撑作用;整体结构没有出现明显的弹性失稳问题,导致结构失效的主要原因是构件的材料破坏和膜材的应力松弛;当内压较低时,结构因上层膜面松弛而失效;当内压较高时,结构因刚性上弦大范围进入塑性状态而破坏。自振特性分析表明,该结构的整体刚性较大,但绕中心轴的抗扭刚度较为薄弱。     

Profiled rotary dresser with controlled size and distribution of abrasive grits: Performance assessment

This paper reports on a novel proprietary profiled rotary dresser which, in contrast with conventional tools, enables a controlled arrangement of geometrically defined abrasives over complex profiles. Output forces and abrasives’ wear were investigated during dressing and grinding tests. This showed a significant reduction in radial dressing forces (˜37%) and volumetric loss of material per grit (˜21%) when compared with conventional tools, together with low grinding forces and workpiece surface roughness variability for different wear conditions. The novel dresser proves the ability to obtain uniform wear rates along complex profiles, while allowing abrasive segment replacement to restore the dressing conditions.     

电模拟惯性摩擦焊接技术

为适应摩擦焊接设备的发展,降低制造成本,在对惯性摩擦焊接过程运动学方程分析基础上,结合电模拟惯量技术,开发出了电模拟惯性摩擦焊接技术及设备. 结果表明,电模拟惯性摩擦焊接过程中各参数随时间的变化规律,以及惯量大小对焊接参数的影响规律,符合惯性摩擦焊接的一般规律. 相同惯量下,电模拟惯性摩擦焊接与机械惯量惯性摩擦焊接过程转速曲线变化趋势一致. 采用电模拟惯性摩擦焊接技术,所需惯量可以设定成大于系统基本惯量,也可以设定成等于或低于系统基本惯量,还可以补偿主轴机械摩擦阻力对焊接过程参数的影响.