Performance of spray deposited Gd-doped barium cerate thin films for proton conducting SOFCs

Doped barium cerate is a promising solid electrolyte for intermediate temperature fuel cells as a protonic conductor. In the present paper, the nanocrystalline Gd-doped barium cerate (BaCe_0.7Gd_0.1Y_0.2O_2.9) thin films have been successfully deposited on alumina substrate by spray pyrolysis technique. The films deposited from 0.1 M concentration and annealed at five different temperatures were characterized with different physio-chemical techniques. The BCGY is crystallized in orthorhombic perovskite structure with slight shift to the lower 2θ value compared with barium cerate (BC) and yttrium doped barium cerate (BCY). The grain growth and hence densification is also investigated by using SEM and AFM. The grain growth is almost complete at 1000 °C and the surface of the film appears to be smooth with typical roughness of 152 nm. Raman spectrum of BCGY film shows intense band at 463.8 cm⁻¹ compared to pure BC and BCY indicating the presence of more oxygen vacancies due to Gd doping. The proton conductivity of BCGY thin film in moist atmosphere is 1×10⁻³ Scm⁻¹.     

铁铝复合氧化物吸附砷氟性能实验研究

采用共沉淀法制备了复合铁铝氧化物吸附剂,并对其表面ξ电位和砷氟共存时除砷氟性能进行了初步研究。ξ电位表明铁铝复合氧化物pHzpc在9.0附近;铁铝复合氧化物对砷氟共存溶液中As(V)和F-均表现出很强的吸附能力,决定F-的去除率的是铝含量;该吸附剂对砷氟共存溶液As(V)在广谱pH范围内具有很高的去除能力,对F-在pH为6~7之间时去除率最高;砷氟共存溶液中As(V)对F-具有竞争吸附作用。     

Regulating the multifactor during wet chemical synthesis to obtain calcium phosphate powders with controllable phase purity for bone repair

Calcium phosphate ceramics are widely used as bone repair materials owing to their excellent biocompatibility, bone conductivity, bone induction, and degradability. Although there are many methods for synthesizing calcium phosphate and controlling its phase composition, it is necessary to explore effective preparation methods by understanding the formation of calcium phosphate and its influencing factors. In this study, calcium phosphate powders with controllable phase compositions were synthesized using a wet chemical precipitation method by adjusting the process parameters (aging time, bipolar solution, initial Ca-P molar ratio, capping agent concentration, and system concentration). Subsequently, a certain biphasic proportion of (biphasic calcium phosphate, BCP) products was prepared, and pure (β-tricalcium phosphate, β-TCP) can be obtained according to the customer's requirements. BCP ceramics with desired phase compositions were obtained by pressing and sintering different calcium-deficient powders. Specifically, β-TCP powder with a purity of 99.83 wt% was obtained when the aging time, bipolar solution, initial Ca-P molar ratio, capping agent concentration, and system concentration were 0 h, 50% ethanol, 1, 0.27 M, and 0.0135 M, respectively. The BCP synthesized in this study shows great application potential in the field of bone tissue repair materials.     

Improved dielectric energy storage performance of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-based lead-free relaxation ferroelectric ceramics achieved by domain structural regulation and enhanced densification

There is still a problem of low energy storage density in dielectric capacitors which is a core component of power systems. For the improvement of the energy storage density, the linear dielectric material CaTiO₃ (CT) was introduced in Na_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃ (NBT) ceramics in this paper. By modifying the A site, a new relaxor ferroelectric ceramic was successfully synthesized and attained a recoverable density (W_rec) of 2.34 J/cm³ at x = 0.18. Moreover, the preparation process was optimized in this paper. Through the viscous polymer process (VPP) route, the energy density (W_A) of 82NBT-18CT_VPP ceramic further reaches 6.45 J/cm³ at 340 kV/cm, with efficiency (η) up to 75% and a W_rec of 4.82 J/cm³. At the same time, the change of W_rec is small at temperature (30–150 °C) and frequency (1 Hz–300 Hz), which demonstrates its excellent stability. The discharge power density reaches about 180 MW/cm³ and the discharge time is 0.117 μs, which indicates its excellent pulse discharge performance. The results show that 82NBT-18CT lead-free relaxation ferroelectric material is expected to become ideal for high-energy storage applications.     

Strengthening and toughening of Ti5Si3 by TiC-coated short carbon fiber: Fabrication,interfacial control,and mechanism of reinforcement

Composites of C_f/Ti₅Si₃ were prepared by spark plasma sintering a mixture of TiC-coated short carbon fiber and pre-synthesized Ti₅Si₃ powder. The TiC coating protects the C_f and mediates a mild interdiffusion process between C_f and Ti₅Si₃, rather than an exothermic reaction. Compared with traditional in-situ fabrication, the use of a pre-synthesized Ti₅Si₃ powder as a raw material mitigated heat release from the Ti-Si reaction and consequent grain overgrowth. The spark plasma sintering process was completed within 15 min and the relative density of the product reached 99.2 %. The C_f/Ti₅Si₃ composite achieved a high fracture toughness of 7.57 MPa m^1/2 and a flexural strength of 518.3 MPa, which reflected increases of 255 % and 270 %, respectively, compared with those properties of monolithic Ti₅Si₃. These improvements are attributable to the effects of the carbon fiber reinforcement, the TiC protective coating on the C_f, inhibition of grain overgrowth, and control of interfacial reaction.     

Optimized energy storage performance in BF-BT-based lead-free ferroelectric ceramics with local compositional fluctuation

BiFeO₃-based lead-free ferroelectric is considered a potential candidate for energy storage applications owing to its high spontaneous polarization. To tackle the compromise between high polarization and energy storage density, NaNbO₃ (NN) was introduced into 0.7BiFeO₃-0.3Ba(Hf_0.05Ti_0.95)O₃ (BF-BHfT) ceramics, where Nb⁵⁺ ions enter the BF-BHfT lattices and enhance resistivity, while Na⁺ ions occupied on the A-sites and smash the long-range ferroelectric order into polar nanoregions. Consequently, the ceramics could maintain high maximum polarization and low remanent polarization. High recoverable energy density (W_rec) of 5.2 J/cm³ and efficiency (88%) were recorded in 0.53BF-0.3BHfT-0.17NN ceramics. Besides, it exhibited good thermostability up to 120 °C (W_rec variation < 5%), frequency stability from 10 to 200 Hz (W_rec variation < 7%) and excellent fatigue resistance after 10⁴ cycles (W_rec variation < 0.2%). Under different electric fields the efficiency still maintains nearly constant. In charge-discharge test a W_dis of 3.7 J/cm³ was recorded, which proved 0.5³BF-0.3BHfT-0.17NN ceramics a promising candidate for energy storage applications.     

Copper bonding silicon nitride substrate using atmosphere plasma spray

Silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) is an excellent engineering ceramic with high strength, fracture toughness, wear resistance, and good chemical and thermal stability. Recently, the enhanced thermal conductivity enables Si₃N₄ to have potential application prospects in the electronic and orthopedic fields. Metal bonding with Si₃N₄ is often the key to these applications. Here we report a facile approach for the titanium-activated Cu bonding on Si₃N₄ substrates using an atmosphere plasma spray (APS) process. With X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) observation, it was shown that the interaction between the pre-bonded Ti (by APS) on Si₃N₄ promoted the adhesion and high bonding strength of APS Cu on Si₃N₄. The interfacial structure and phases were characterized, and tensile strength, electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity, and residual stress of Cu bonded Si₃N₄ were measured accordingly. The APS deposited Cu layer is dense, has a high purity, and is joined firmly with Ti pre-bonded Si₃N₄ substrate. The maximum tensile strength between Cu and Si₃N₄ is as high as 89.4 MPa. The Si₃N₄ substrate bonded with highly dense Cu demonstrates a low surface resistivity of 8.72 × 10⁻⁴ Ω∙mm, and high thermal conductivity of 98.12 W/m·K, which shows potential applications in electronic devices.     

A novel strategy for synthesizing porous ZrB2-SiC ceramics via boro/carbothermal reaction process templated pore-forming approach

In this work, pure ZrB₂-SiC composite powders were obtained using ZrO₂, SiO₂, B₄C and carbon black as raw materials via a boro/carbothermal reduction (BCTR) reaction process at 1500 °C for 2 h in vacuum condition. Based on this finding, porous ZrB₂-SiC ceramics were in-situ synthesized via a novel and facile boro/carbothermal reaction process templated pore-forming (BCTR-TPF) method. The phase composition, linear shrinkage, and pore size distribution were also methodically studied. Results show that the porous ZrB₂-SiC ceramics with controllable porosity of 67–78%, compressive strength of 0.2–9.8 MPa and thermal conductivity of 1.9–7.0 W·m⁻¹K⁻¹ can be fabricated by varying of ZrO₂ and B₄C particle sizes. The formation of ZrB₂ grains was controlled via solid-solid and solid-liquid-solid growth mechanisms, the growth process of SiC grains was mainly regulated by solid-solid, vapor-vapor and vapor-solid growth mechanisms during the overall synthesis process. Finally, the pore-forming mechanism of porous samples prepared via the BCTR-TPF method was gases combined with template pore-forming mechanism, i.e., B₄C and carbon black acted as pore-forming templates, and gaseous products generated in the BCTR reaction were also applied as gas pore-forming agent.     

基于生物地理学的风光柴储系统优化配置

随着微电网技术的快速发展,可再生能源的运用逐步得到提高。基于生物地理学优化算法,在保证发电出力的基础上,以系统运行总成本最小为目标,对包含风光柴储的孤网运行微电网的经济运行方案进行设计,提出一种混合发电系统孤网经济运行的方法。算例结果表明,该优化方法计算时间较短,容易跳出局部最优,表现了该算法在解决非线性问题上的先进性和适用性。设计方案能充分利用可再生能源,协调分布式电源和储能系统,合理可行,验证了算法的有效性。     

采用EGR技术降低低速机排放的三维仿真研究

采用三维计算软件AVL-FIRE模拟仿真了某国产低速二冲程柴油机的燃烧与排放,分析了废气再循环(EGR)对低速机燃烧与排放的影响。研究结果表明:EGR对低速机滞燃期影响不大,且使用EGR技术能够有效降低低速机NOx排放,低EGR率时能够满足TierⅡ排放要求,并且油耗升高不明显;高EGR率时能够满足TierⅢ排放法规要求。