二次锂电池用含硫复合材料的研究进展

硫系正极材料是一类新型高比容量锂电池正极材料。硫化导电高分子材料和多孔炭/硫复合材料具有较好导电性能和稳定结构,从而表现出较高的比容量和良好的循环性能。以上述两类材料为对象综述了近年来锂/硫二次电池用含硫复合材料的研究进展,并展望了其发展趋势,指出其现阶段研究的重点。     

Eu3+掺杂对钒酸钕纳米棒阵列形貌和荧光性能的影响(英文)

采用简单一锅水热法制备具有四方晶相的NdV04(t-NdV04)纳米棒阵列。通过X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)和选区电子衍射(SAED)技术对t-NdV04纳米棒阵列的物相、形貌和显微组织进行表征。所制备的t-NdVO₄纳米棒为单晶,长度约为100 nm,直径为25 nm,并且沿(112)晶面方向定向生长、自组装而成纳米棒阵列。研究表明,Eu³⁺掺杂会影响NdVO₄纳米棒阵列的形成,并导致Nd³⁺从⁴D_3/2状态到⁴I_11/2的最强光发射红移,并且在400 nm处急剧降低其荧光发射强度。研究结果对优化稀土钒酸盐的光致发光性能具有一定的参考价值。     

气相色谱-质谱法检测土壤中痕量芥子气

建立气相色谱-质谱选择离子检测土壤中痕量芥子气的方法。该方法采用二氯甲烷萃取土壤中的芥子气,萃取液经净化、浓缩,加入内标丁基硫醚后进行分析,可实现对土壤中0.02mg/kg芥子气的定量检出,且加标回收率大于70%,相对标准偏差小于10%。     

Activated carbon fiber cloths as electrodes for high performance electric double layer capacitors

Activated carbon fiber cloth (ACFC) electrodes with high double layer capacitance and good rate capability were prepared from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fabrics by optimizing the carbonization temperature prior to CO₂ activation. The carbonization temperature has a marked effect on both the pore structure and the electrochemical performances of the ACFCs. Moderate carbonization at 600 °C results in higher specific surface area and larger pore size, and hence higher capacitance and better rate capability. The specific capacitance of the ACFCs in 6 mol L⁻¹ KOH aqueous solution can be as high as 208 F g⁻¹. It remains 129 F g⁻¹ as the current density increases to 10 000 mA g⁻¹.     

Microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of zinc oxide particles starting from chloride precursor

Zinc oxide (ZnO) was synthesized using a microwave assisted hydrothermal (MAH) process based on chloride/urea/water solution and under 800 W irradiation for 5 min. In the bath, Zn²⁺ ions reacted with the complex carbonate and hydroxide ions to form zinc carbonate hydroxide hydrate (Zn₄CO₃(OH)₆·H₂O), and the conversion from Zn₄CO₃(OH)₆·H₂O to ZnO was synchronously achieved by a MAH process. The as-prepared ZnO has a sponge-like morphology. However, the initial sponge-like morphology of ZnO could change to a net-like structure after thermal treatment, and compact nano-scale ZnO particles were finally obtained when the period of thermal treatment increased to 30 min. Pure ZnO nanoparticles was obtained from calcination of loose sponge-like ZnO particles at 500 °C. The analysis of optical properties of these ZnO nanoparticles showed that the intensity of 393 nm emission increased with the calcination temperature because the defects were reduced and the crystallinity was improved.