双季戊四醇在3种混合溶剂中的固-液相平衡

采用动态平衡法，在293.15～332.80 K、常压下，测定了双季戊四醇(DPE)在水+(甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇)三种混合溶剂中的溶解度数据。结果表明：DPE在不同质量分数的水+(甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇)混合溶剂中的溶解度随体系温度升高而增大；同一温度下，其在所选取溶剂体系中的溶解度随着甲醇、乙醇或异丙醇质量分数的增大而先增大后减小。λh方程、两参数方程与Apelblat方程均能够对所测定的溶解度数据进行较好的关联；通过修正的van’t Hoff方程计算得到DPE在所选取溶剂体系中Δ_sol H ⁰、Δ_sol S ⁰和Δ_sol G ⁰均大于零，表明DPE在所选取溶剂体系中的溶解过程为吸热、熵增的非自发过程。     

Remarkably enhanced energy storage properties of lead-free Ba0.53Sr0.47TiO3 thin films capacitors by optimizing bottom electrode thickness

The lead-free Ba_0.53Sr_0.47TiO₃ (BST) thin films buffered with La_0.67Sr_0.33MnO₃ (LSMO) bottom electrode of different thicknesses were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition method on a (001) SrTiO₃ substrate. It was found that the roughness of electrode decreases and substrate stress relaxes gradually with the increase of LSMO thickness, which is beneficial for weakening local high electric field and achieving higher E_b. Therefore, the recoverable energy density (W_rec) of BST films can be greatly improved up to 67.3 %, that is, from 30.6 J/cm³ for the LSMO thickness of 30 nm up to 51.2 J/cm³ for the LSMO thickness of 140 nm after optimizing the LSMO thickness. Furthermore, the thin film capacitor with a 140 nm LSMO bottom electrode shows an outstanding thermal stability from 20 °C to 160 °C and superior fatigue resistance after 10⁸ electrical cycles with only a slightly decrease of W_rec below 1.6 % and 3.7 %, respectively. Our work demonstrates that optimizing bottom electrodes thickness is a promising way for enhancing energy storage properties of thin-film capacitors.     

Nonlinear response in glass fibre non-crimp fabric reinforced vinylester composites

This paper addresses the nonlinear stress-strain response in glass fibre non-crimp fabric reinforced vinylester composite laminates subjected to in-plane tensile loading. The nonlinearity is shown to be a combination of brittle and plastic failure. It is argued that the shift from plastic to brittle behaviour in the vinylester is caused by the state of stress triaxiality caused by the interaction between fibre and vinylester. A model combining damage and plasticity is calibrated and evaluated using data from extensive experimental testing. The onset of damage is predicted using the Puck failure criterion, and the evolution of damage is calibrated from the observed softening in plies loaded in transverse tension. Shear loading beyond linear elastic response is observed to result in irreversible strains. A yield criterion is implemented for shear deformation. A strain hardening law is fitted to the stress-strain response observed in shear loaded plies. Experimental results from a selection of laminates with different layups are used to verify the numerical models. A complete set of model parameters for predicting elastic behaviour, strength and post failure softening is presented for glass fibre non-crimped fabric reinforced vinylester. The predicted behaviour from using these model parameters are shown to be in good agreement with experimental results.     

Detecting Cysteine in Bioimaging with a Near-Infrared Probe Based on a Novel Fluorescence Quenching Mechanism

Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes are very significant for detecting cysteine in biological systems. Herein, we report a highly selective and sensitive NIR turn-on fluorescent probe (BDP-NIR) based on BODIPY with large Stokes shift (105 nm) for detecting Cys. We clarified the sensing mechanism based on the different thiol-induced S_NAr substitution/rearrangement reaction of the probe with cysteine and homocysteine/glutathione, which leads to the corresponding amino- and thiol-BODIPY dyes with distinct photophysical properties. Moreover, a novel mechanism of fluorescence quenching was demonstrated by density functional theory calculation. The reason for the fluorescence quenching of the probe might be intersystem crossing (from singlet to triplet excited state). Moreover, BDP-NIR had a high linear dynamic range of 0–500 μM, which was promising for detecting cysteine quantificationally. Significantly, BDP-NIR was capable of sensing endogenous cysteine in living cells and in vivo.     

A novel utilized method of tar derived from biomass gasification for fabricating binder-free all-solid-state hybrid supercapacitors

As an industrial pollutant, tar derived from biomass gasification is used as the precursor for fabricating a novel carbon-metal hydroxides composite electrode. A slurry (the mixture of tar, KOH and melamine) is daubed uniformly onto the nickel foam, which is directly carbonized to form NPC@LDH electrode material. This electrode is further coated with NiCo-LDH nanosheets using an electrodeposition method to form NF@NPC@LDH. The newly made NF@NPC@LDH electrode exhibits a high specific capacity of 9.6 F cm⁻² at a current density of 2 mA cm⁻² and good rate performance (55.3% retention). Furthermore, a hybrid NF@NPC@LDH//NF@PC all-solid-state supercapacitor is fabricated, and the device exhibits high energy density of 1.28 mWh cm⁻³ at a power density of 8.04 mW cm⁻³, low resistance and good cycling stability.     

汽液平衡盐效应的分子热力学──乙醇-水-1-1型电解质系统恒压汽液平衡盐效应参数的计算

测定了6个乙醇-水-1-1型电解质系统（LiCl、LiBr、NaBr、NaAc、KCl、KI）恒压（100.8kPa）条件下的汽液平衡盐效应参数.在Pierotti定标粒子溶液理论基础上提出非电解质浓度任意变化条件下含盐双液系汽液平衡盐效应参数的计算方法.硬球作用项采用Masterton-Lee方程计算，软球作用项采用胡英等人建议的分子热力学模型计算．对于乙醇-水极性混合溶剂系统，离子-中心分子的碰撞直径考虑离子溶剂化的影响，以离子的溶剂化系数为可调参数，拟合出混合溶剂的局部介电常数与乙醇摩尔分数的关联方程．预测结果表明，在很大液相浓度范围（X_1=0.143～0.700）内14个乙醇-水-1-1型电解质系统52个盐效应参数的平均相对误差为7.76％     

New concept of surface modification to LiCoO2

As the continuance of our series study on LiCoO₂ surface modification, the complicated traditional surface coating method is replaced with simple addition of amorphous YPO₄ and Al₂O₃ in commercial LiCoO₂ or in commercial electrolyte based on our understanding to the improvement mechanism of surface modification. Comprehensive studies by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC–MS), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) indicate that the products of spontaneous reaction between the additive and the LiPF₆ based electrolyte are responsible for the performance improvements.     

Performance of miniaturized direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) devices using micropump for fuel delivery

A fuel cell is a device that can convert chemical energy into electricity directly. Among various types of fuel cells, both polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) can work at low temperature (<80 °C). Therefore, they can be used to supply power for commercial portable electronics such as laptop computers, digital cameras, PDAs and cell phones. The focus of this paper is to investigate the performance of a miniaturized DMFC device using a micropump to deliver fuel. The core of this micropump is a piezoelectric ring-type bending actuator and the associated nozzle/diffuser for directing fuel flow. Based on the experimental measurements, it is found that the performance of the fuel cell can be significantly improved if enough fuel flow is induced by the micropump at anode. Three factors may contribute to the performance enhancement including replenishment of methanol, decrease of diffusion resistance and removal of carbon dioxide. In comparison with conventional mini pumps, the size of the piezoelectric micropump is much smaller and the energy consumption is much lower. Thus, it is very viable and effective to use a piezoelectric valveless micropump for fuel delivery in miniaturized DMFC power systems.     

Charge transport and luminescent properties of PMMA-dehydrate nanotubed titanic acid nanocomposites

In this paper, we doped p-type conductivity dehydrated nanotubed titanic acid (DNTA) into insulator polymer poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The electric properties of this nanocomposite were investigated. The photoluminescence efficiency of fluorescent dye 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-t-butyl-6(1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidyl-9-enyl)-4H-pyran (DCJTB) in PMMA matrix was enhanced by doping with DNTA. Moreover, screen effect by DNTA with high permittivity caused the emission from DCJTB to be blue-shifted.