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排序方式: 共有328条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
锂-二氧化碳电池通过捕获、转化二氧化碳为储能物质,既可以减少二氧化碳排放量又可以作为创新的储能装置,引起了研究者们的广泛关注。本文简单介绍了锂-二氧化碳电池的工作机理、发展历程和目前研究存在的难题,通过对研究工作的总结、电池性能的对比,将不同类型的催化剂进行了系统的分类和简单的概括,综述了催化剂的设计理念和研究现状,提出了催化剂目前存在的难题与挑战,并展望了催化剂未来的发展方向。本文主要针对锂-二氧化碳电池阴极催化剂的最新研究进展进行了详细的阐述,指出高效的阴极催化剂是促进锂-二氧化碳电池电化学反应动力学、降低充电平台和过电势的关键所在。 相似文献
2.
We use photoluminescence to observe light-induced degradation in silicon in real time. Numerical simulations are used to match our results and lifetime decay data from the literature with theoretical models for the generation of the light-induced boron–oxygen defects. It is found that the existing model of the slowly generated defect SRC, where its saturated concentration is a function of the majority carrier concentration, does not explain certain results in both p- and n-type samples. A new model is proposed in which the saturated SRC concentration is controlled by the total hole concentration under illumination. 相似文献
3.
P型半导体Cu_2ZnSnS_4(CZTS)由于具有最佳的直接带隙(1.0~1.5eV)、高的光吸收系数(超过104 cm~(-1))以及丰富、无毒的元素组成,使其成为商业化低成本太阳能电池最有希望的候选材料之一。然而,材料本身的一些缺陷制约了CZTS薄膜太阳能电池效率的提高。为了提高CZTS薄膜太阳能电池的效率,研究者们使用其他阳离子部分取代Cu、Zn或Sn来改善CZTS的缺陷。从CZTS的3种不同取代位置出发,综述了近年来各种阳离子部分取代CZTS的研究进展,同时对阳离子部分取代CZTS材料的发展前景进行了展望。 相似文献
4.
《Materials Research Bulletin》2006,41(1):29-37
The photoluminescence (PL) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) excitation properties are studied for the BaZr(BO3)2:Eu3+ phosphor with incorporating the Al3+, La3+, or Y3+ ion into the lattice. The excitation spectrum shows an absorption band in the VUV region with the band-edge at 200 nm and a very weak charge transfer band of Eu3+ at about 226 nm. The luminescence spectrum shows a strong emission at 615 nm (5D0 → 7F2 transition) and weak emission at 594 nm (5D0 → 7F1 transition) in BaZr(BO3)2:Eu3+, with a good red color purity. The PL intensity is increased by incorporating Al3+ into the BaZr(BO3)2 lattice. The PL intensity has also increased by incorporating La3+ into the lattice, however, the red color purity has deteriorated because of the increased centrosymmetric nature of the site. With the incorporation of Y3+ into the BaZr(BO3)2 lattice, the PL characteristics of the Eu3+ activator resembles that in the YBO3 lattices. The intensity of the red PL for the Eu3+ activator is the highest with good color purity for BaZr(BO3)2:Eu3+ incorporated with both Al3+ (10%) and La3+ (0.5%). 相似文献
5.
《Materials Letters》2005,59(2-3):234-237
Lead sulfide (PbS) uniform hollow spheres have been successfully synthesized by γ-irradiating PMMA–CS2–ethanol aqueous solution that contains Pb(CH3COO)2·3H2O at room temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), transmission electron micrograph (TEM), and high-resolution transmission electron micrograph (HRTEM) experimental results show that the diameter of PbS hollow spheres, the thickness of sphere shell, and the size of these crystallites are about 500, 20, and 10 nm, respectively. Room temperature UV–vis absorption spectrum of the PbS hollow spheres gives its peak centered at around 238 nm and a weak shoulder peak centered at about 322 nm. The obvious blue shift of the absorption peak may be attributed to the small dimension of the PbS bricks of the spheres wall. A possible growth mechanism of PbS hollow sphere is also presented. The successful preparation of PbS hollow spheres in large scale under mild conditions could be of interest for both applications and fundamental studies. 相似文献
6.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2019,44(59):31082-31093
Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts play the critical role in efficiency and durability for different hydrogen production systems. We have successfully synthesized the earth abundant WO3 coupled with IrO2 as mixed oxide composite by a facile two-step chemical method. 50% reduction in noble metal contents (IW-50) followed by two times enhancement in activity, four-folds increase in bulk mass specific activity along with the stability of mixed oxide composite as compared to state –of –the art IrO2 catalyst are affirmed. Superior performance of mixed oxide composites are perceived due to four times increase in electrochemical surface area, reduction of Tafel slope, four-fold increase of turn over frequency, electronic distortion in Ir-4f spectrum of IW-50 along with the bridging of lattice oxygen atoms between iridium and tungsten metals. We believe that it would open up the new avenues for effective utilization of noble metal with high valence tungsten metal in corrosive environment. 相似文献
7.
《Carbon》2014
The electrospinning of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) with a polyaniline and graphene sol–gel mixture produced uniform, smooth fibers with an average diameter of 0.3 μm. These electrospun fibers were stabilized for 2 h at 200 °C and then carbonized at 800 °C for 5 h. Composites were prepared by depositing Ni(OH)2 on the carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and calcining them at different temperatures. The composites were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of the calcination temperatures on the electrochemical properties was studied using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The specific capacitance (SC) was found to be highest (738 F g−1) at a calcination temperature of 400 °C. The charge transfer resistance (Rp) decreased as the calcination temperature was increased. However, the electrical double layer capacitance (EDLC) increased with an increase in the calcination temperature. The EDLC increased from 0.144 F g−1 at a calcination temperature of 100 °C to 485 F g−1 at a calcination temperature of 500 °C. 相似文献
8.
Ho Kim Dan Nguyen Minh Ty Dacheng Zhou Jianbei Qiu Anh-Luan Phan 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2020,103(11):6356-6368
In this paper, we study the influence of Cr3+ on yellowish-green upconversion (UC) emission and the energy transfer (ET) of Er3+/Cr3+/Yb3+ tri-doped in SiO2–ZnO–Na2O–La2O3 (SZNL) zinc silicate glasses under excitation of the 980 nm laser diode (LD). The influence of Cr3+ on enhancing the red UC emission of Er3+/Cr3+/Yb3+ tri-doped in SiO2–ZnO–Na2O–La2O3 zinc silicate glasses under the excitation of 980nm LD was also investigated. The ET processes between Yb3+, Cr3+, and Er3+, together with the combination of Yb3+-Cr3+-Er3+, which led to the green UC emission intensity of Er3+/Cr3+/Yb3+ tri-doped in SiO2–ZnO–Na2O–La2O3 zinc silicate glasses bands centered at ~546 nm have been significantly enhanced. By increasing the concentration of Cr3+ from 0 up to 5 mol.%, we can locate the Commission Internationale de l'éclairage (CIE) 1931 (x; y) chromaticity coordinates for UC emissions of Er3+/Cr3+/Yb3+ tri-doped in the central position of the yellowish-green color region of CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram. Besides, the ET processes between the Yb3+, Cr3+, and Er3+ are also proposed and discussed. 相似文献
9.
《Ceramics International》2016,42(3):3921-3929
A new class of glass and vitroceramic electrodes with applications for rechargeable batteries was obtained by a melt quenching method. The structural characterization of the samples having the xPb·(100−x)PbO2 composition, where x=0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mol% Pb, was performed by UV–vis and FTIR spectroscopies investigations.UV–vis and FTIR data reveal that the excess of lead content in the host matrix generates the transformation and/or disintegration of [PbO6] octahedral structural units into [PbO4] structural units or Pb2+ ions and non-bonding oxygen ions centers.The electrochemical performances of the glass and vitroceramics electrodes were investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The shapes of the cyclic voltammograms and redox peaks depend on the electrolyte solution concentration and the lead content in host matrix. Differences between these waves are determined by the type of electrochemically active species existing in the glass or glass ceramics. The improved performance of the vitroceramic electrodes is attributed to the presence of the lead metallic phase that seems to offer an easier route for the charge process of the electrodes. Thus, the presence of these phases generates more electrochemically active species, inhibits the secondary reactions implying PbO, takes up the ionic conduction of the larger electrolyte solution and increases the charge/discharge rate of the electrochemical processes. 相似文献
10.
《Materials Letters》2007,61(19-20):4128-4130
BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+ doped with 0–6% additional Mg2+ were synthesized by co-precipitation method. Their photoluminescence and thermal stability were investigated under ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) excitation. The additional Mg2+-doped samples exhibited stronger emission intensity and better thermal stability than the sample without additional Mg2+ under 254 or 147 nm excitation. After thermal degradation, the 4% additional Mg2+-doped sample had the highest emission intensity which was 12.7% and 16.6% stronger than that of the sample without additional Mg2+ under 254 and 147 nm excitation, respectively. Moreover, the improvement mechanisms on emission intensity and thermal stability were discussed. 相似文献