Transformation of silica fume into chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) nano-slurries for advanced semiconductor manufacturing

Silica nanoparticles have been synthesized from silica fume using alkali dissolution–precipitation process. The dissolution efficiency of 99% at a temperature of 80 °C and a time of 20 min was achieved. Sodium silicate solution was obtained by dissolving the fume with NaOH solution. Then, silica nanoparticles were precipitated using sulfuric acid. Silica nanoparticles (175 nm) were achieved using 12% sulfuric acid at pH 7 and 200 ppm sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The silica morphologies appeared as a spherical shape with narrow particle size distribution. The silica samples were used for the formulation and testing of chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) slurries. The morphology of the polished wafer surface and its roughness were examined by atomic force microscope (AFM).The results indicated that the surface roughness was greatly improved after application of CMP. It was found that the surface roughness of the polished wafer is 0.226 nm at an applied pressure of 7 psi. The removal rate was found to be 1200 Å. These values confirm the quality of polished wafers.     

Health monitoring of concrete structures strengthened with advanced composite materials using piezoelectric transducers

An active damage interrogation (ADI) method which uses an array of piezoelectric (PZT) transducers attached to a structure was used to detect and localize disbonds and delaminations of advanced composite reinforcement from concrete structures. The ADI system provides the ability to detect, localize, and estimate the extent of the disbond by actively exciting the structure with PZT transducers and processing the structural response as measured by the PZT transducers. The ADI system makes use of both amplitude and phase information from various actuator/sensor transfer functions, and also provides a unique method for determining when the transducer/structure bond has degraded. This paper investigates the feasibility of using the ADI method for health monitoring of concrete structures repaired with composite materials, and the advantages and limitation of this method are discussed.     

等离子熔覆TiC/Ni超厚梯度熔覆层的组织与性能

利用等离子熔覆技术,选择适当的工艺参数,在Q235钢表面熔覆形成TiC/Ni超厚熔覆层.采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、金相显微镜、显微硬度计分析测试了涂层的相、组织、成分及性能.结果表明,熔覆层厚度可达2.7 mm,无裂纹、气孔等缺陷.从熔覆层底部到表层,TiC颗粒的含量和粒径均呈梯度变化;熔覆层中的组织由界面到表层依次为:平面晶、胞状晶、树枝晶;从基体到熔覆层Fe元素含量逐渐减少,而Ni,Cr,Si元素含量则逐渐增加,TiC 颗粒呈弥散分布.熔覆层硬度最大可达800 HV,平均硬度是基体的4～5倍.     

Ti-Ni形状记忆合金环超弹阻尼器的阻尼特性研究

应用Ti-Ni形状记忆合金环作耗能元件设计了一种新型的阻尼器,介绍了Ti-Ni合金环的制备及热处理工艺,并测试了其力学性能.分析了加载卸载过程中力-位移曲线与环内应力的关系.当无档板对Ti-Ni合金环进行横向约束时,由于环内的应力没达到应力诱发马氏体相变的临界应力,表现为线弹性,并且回复力非常小.当档板对环施加水平约束,出现滞迟耗能.随着位移的增加,回复力和滞迟环的面积都大幅度增加,滞迟环形状发生变化.小位移时,滞迟环为透镜状,当位移达到一定值时,滞迟环为倒三角形.倒三角形的滞迟环与双折线形滞迟环相比,在振动控制过程中具有更好的阻尼效果.     

Synthesis,characterization and antifungal property of Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets

Although the antibacterial properties of MXene nanosheets containing Ti₃C₂T_x are known, their antifungal properties have not been well studied. Herein, we present for the first time a report on the antifungal properties of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene. The Ti₃C₂T_x MXene was obtained by first exfoliating MAX phase of Ti₃AlC₂ with concentrated hydrofluoric acid, then the Ti₃C₂T_x was intercalated and deliminated by ethanol treatment and ultrasonication process. The delaminated Ti₃C₂T_x MXene nanosheets (d-Ti₃C₂Tx) were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that Ti₃C₂T_x MXene was characterized by lamellar structure alternating with layers of Ti, Al and C. The EDX results revealed that the delaminated Ti₃C₂T_x MXene nanosheets were composed of Ti, C, Si, O, F, and a trace amount of Al. The XRD and Raman spectra further indicated the elimination of Al and the formation of two-dimensional Ti₃C₂T_x MXene nanosheets. The antifungal activity of the delaminated Ti₃C₂T_x MXene was determined against Trichoderma reesei using the modified agar disc method. Observation using inverted phase contrastmicroscopy revealed inhibited fungus growth with the absence of hyphae around the discs treated wtih MXene. The surrounding of the control groups without an inclusion of MXene was found with large number of hyphae and spores. In addition, the spores of the fungi treated with the samples containing d-Ti₃C₂T_x MXene nanosheets did not germinate even after 11 days of culture. The results demonstrated disruption to the hemispheric structural formation of fungi colony, inhibition of hyphae growth and cell damage for fungi grown on the d-Ti₃C₂T_x MXene nanosheets. These new findings suggest that d-Ti₃C₂T_x MXene nanosheets developed in this work could be a promising anti-fungi material.     

Fabrication and thermal stability of NH4HF2-etched Ti3C2 MXene

MXene, a new family of 2D transition metal carbides and carbonitrides, has been proved to possess excellent electrical conductivity and hydrophilicity. In this work, a single-step method to produce the larger interplanar spacing 2D MXene Ti₃C₂ by etching Ti₃AlC₂ with NH₄HF₂ was demonstrated, and the optimal reaction conditions between Ti₃AlC₂ and NH₄HF₂ were systematically researched. The morphology and microstructure of samples were characterized by scanning electron smicroscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD). The thermal stability of Ti₃C₂ was investigated by the thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analyzer (DTA). It was found that the lattice parameter c of obtained Ti₃C₂ was up to 24.9 Å, and the larger interplanar spacing Ti₃C₂ was more stable than the sample exfoliated by HF. The transition temperature in air from NH₄HF₂-etched Ti₃C₂ to anatase TiO₂ thoroughly is more than 500 ℃, and the multilayered structure of Ti₃C₂ could be well retained even afer 900 ℃ heat treatment, while the value of HF-etched Ti₃C₂ is less than 350 ℃. This work is important for exploring a safe synthesis method and well understanding the thermal stability of 2D MXene materials.     

间苯二酚-甲醛/橡胶胶粘剂及其粘合性能研究

间苯二酚-甲醛/橡胶(RFL)胶粘剂是影响芳纶纤维与橡胶之间界面粘合的主要因素。针对芳纶纤维表面处理的要求,通过分光光度计研究了间苯二酚-甲醛(RF)树脂的聚合反应过程,同时研究了n(R)/n(F)、RF/L干重比不同时,RFL胶粘剂成膜性和胶膜拉伸性能,并通过芳纶纤维增强橡胶粘合性能得到验证。结果表明:n(R)/n(F)为1/1．8,n(NaOH)/n(R)为8/100,反应时间6h,m(RF)/m(L)为18/100条件下,得到的RFL胶粘剂综合力学性能最好。     

Effect of fly ash on TSA resistance of cement-based material

Thaumasite form of sulfate attack(TSA)is a major concern in evaluating durability of concrete structures subjected to sulfate and carbonate ions.By means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and energy dispersive spectrum(EDS) as well as Raman spectra of erosion substances,effect of fly ash on TSA resistance of Portland cement-based material were investigated.Immersed in magnesium sulfate solution with 33 800 ppm mass concentration of SO...     

配筋率对全珊瑚海水钢筋混凝土梁受弯性能的影响

通过对全珊瑚海水钢筋混凝土梁(CARCB)和普通钢筋混凝土梁(OARCB)进行受弯性能试验，研究了混凝土种类和配筋率对CARCB的变形性能、承载能力的影响。结果表明：随着配筋率的提高，CARCB的开裂弯矩和极限弯矩均逐渐增大，裂缝宽度扩展逐渐减慢，能有效抑制裂缝的发展。同时，可以通过提高配筋率，增大开裂弯矩与极限弯矩的比值，从而延后CARCB的开裂时间。CARCB的裂缝宽度均随着荷载的增长而增大，在加载初期，裂缝宽度增长缓慢，接近极限荷载时，裂缝宽度迅速增大，最终导致梁破坏。此外，综合考虑钢筋锈蚀引起钢筋截面损失和钢筋屈服强度降低的影响，提出了CARCB的极限弯矩、纵向受拉钢筋应力、平均裂缝间距和平均裂缝宽度的计算模型。     

Analysis of forging defects for selected industrial die forging processes

The main goal of this paper is to identify defects in forgings in selected die forging processes. The major problem is the formation of underfills due to air pockets between the forging and the tool. In the literature there is no information about modeling of such defects using FEM software, therefore, attempts were made to build numerical simulations of analyzed processes. The high agreement of the numerical modeling results with the results of the macroscopic, microstructural and defectoscopic examinations confirmed the validity of the FEM modeling assumptions and justified the use of such IT tools for the analysis of industrial plastic working processes.