Study on the non-uniform contact during ELID groove grinding

This paper introduces the potential feasibility that ELID (electrolytic in-process dressing) grinding replaces superfinishing in bearing manufacturing, but ELID grinding will bring new challenges. Different regions present distinguish surface profile due to the non-uniform contact in ELID groove grinding. However, few reports explaining the non-uniform contact are available. This article explores the mechanisms of the non-uniform contact during ELID groove grinding. Experiments on the non-uniform contact between bearing raceway and grinding wheel have been carried out under different conditions. The results show that non-uniform contact exists in ELID groove grinding process and it exerts influence on the profile of the raceway surface. Non-uniform contact influences the Rsk and Rku value all the time, but it influences the Ra value occasionally. Improvement strategies of eliminating the non-uniform contact are also discussed based on the experimental study.     

Novel application of nanocrystalline nickel electrodeposit: Making good diamond tools easily, efficiently and economically

Electrodeposition has been identified as a feasible and economical technique for nanomaterials application. This article details an improved approach to producing better diamond tools at lower cost and with higher productivity. Pulse-electroformed nanocrystalline nickel was used as the new matrix. The pulse parameters were determined after examination of the microstructure, grain size, hardness and tensile strength of the deposits obtained at different average current densities (J_m) with constant pulse-on time and pulse-off time. It is shown that, with J_m ranging from 1 Adm^− 2 to 14 Adm^− 2, the grain size decreases sharply from 180 nm to about 10 nm while the hardness and tensile strength significantly increase at first and then reach their peaks respectively, although the strength fails to stay long. Current density J_m that produced the highest hardness and strength of deposit (with grain size of 20 nm) was chosen for new diamond tools that exhibited 20.2% longer service life than their usual Ni-Co counterparts. Therefore, nanocrystalline electrodeposits are expected to be an upgrading substitute for conventional polycrystalline matrix.     

响应面法优化酶催化酯交换反应研究

为了利用植物油生产可再生的绿色能源——生物柴油,文章利用Novo435固定化脂肪酶,在无有机溶剂存在下催化菜籽油与甲醇酯交换合成生物柴油。利用响应面实验设计和分析方法对菜籽油的酯交换反应条件进行优化,得到了最佳工艺条件:醇油摩尔比1.5∶1,反应温度52℃,搅拌转速200 r/min,脂肪酶与油脂的质量比为10%,反应时间10 h,在此工艺条件下油脂的酯交换率达到48%(理论为50%)。理论甲醇量分3批加入,反应36 h后菜籽油的总酯交换率达到95%(理论酯交换率为100%)。每批试验后利用有机溶剂对脂肪酶进行清洗,然后继续反应,连续使用10个批次,油脂的酯交换率基本未变。     

最小误码率排序迭代优化的SLNR改进算法

针对多用户MIMO系统应用SLNR算法时由于干扰用户增加引起的系统性能下降问题,联合考虑误码率性能和信道质量,提出一种先把部分已知的多用户干扰加入SLNR准则进行抑制,根据信噪比大小确定预编码矩阵的设计顺序,再利用已知的多用户干扰迭代优化后续用户预编码矩阵的SLNR改进算法.由于只利用发射端信道信息优化预编码矩阵,改进算法无需基站与用户协作,计算复杂度低.对比仿真结果表明,改进算法收敛速度快,在高信噪比区域,误码率性能和系统容量增益得到了显著提升.     

Wind turbine fault diagnosis method based on diagonal spectrum and clustering binary tree SVM

Renewable energy sources like wind energy are copiously available without any limitation. Reliability of wind turbine is critical to extract maximum amount of energy from the wind. The vibration signals in wind turbine's rotation parts are of universal non-Gasussian and nonstationarity and the fault samples are usually very limited. Aiming at these problems, this paper proposed a wind turbine fault diagnosis method based on diagonal spectrum and clustering binary tree Support Vector Machines (SVM). Firstly, the diagonal spectrum is calculated from vibration rotating machine as the input feature vector. Secondly, self-organizing feature map neural network is introduced to cluster the fault feature samples and construct a cluster binary tree. Then the multiple fault classifiers are designed to train and test samples. The wind turbine gear-box fault experiment results proved that this method can effectively extract features from nonstationary signals, and can obtain excellent results despite of less training samples.     

Improved fish migration optimization method to identify PEMFC parameters

In a worldwide environment context where the emergency need to decrease pollutant emissions is an important issue, the research for solutions is increasing. Fuel cell technology is anticipated to become a practicable approach for solving the problem of pollution due to its environmentally friendly characteristics. In this work, a novel problem formulation is suggested for the efficient recognition of PEMFC parameters which the solving is by using the Improved Fish Migration Optimizer (IFMO) technique. After coding the steps of the algorithm in MATLAB, the objective function is resolved for the fuel cell. Comprehensive simulations evaluate the formulation performance with the suggested and traditional objective functions; then, the outcomes are compared. To confirm the suggested formulation ascendancy compared to the traditional curve-fitting method, a complete assessment based on convergence rate, the value of the objective function, and the value of absolute voltage error are performed. The achieved value of the objective function, absolute voltage error, and average time of computation is 0.005, 0.4, and 1.63, respectively. Environmentally, the combustion of hydrogen and its use in PEMFC produce no carbon dioxide.     

电沉积纳米镍-钻合金在金刚石工具制备中的应用研究

采用纳米镍一钴镀层制备电镀金刚石工具以期提高工具的性能。通过考察脉冲参数、细化添加剂、硫酸钴对镀层显微硬度的影响,得出结论：细化添加剂、硫酸钴都能细化晶粒,两者有竞争关系;改变峰值电流密度和开通时间可以细化晶粒,脉冲周期过短会造成晶粒粗化。镀层中钴的质量分数为9％,表面较光整,平均晶粒尺寸在14nm左右,显微硬度达到609HV。确定了制造金刚石工具最佳的电镀工艺参数,由其制得的工具平均寿命比纳米镍镀层材料工具高16％。     

Evaluation of calcined copper slag as an oxygen carrier for chemical looping gasification of sewage sludge

Chemical looping gasification (CLG) of sewage sludge (SS) using calcined copper slag as an oxygen carrier (OC) represents a novel approach for achieving the comprehensive use of two wastes (SS and copper slag), where the SS is converted into syngas through the oxidation of calcined copper slag. The effect of the calcined temperature on the reactivity of copper slag was first studied. The results show that the copper slag calcined at 1100 °C (1100CS) exhibits excellent performance for SS gasification. Using 1100CS as an OC, the effect of the mass ratio of OC and SS (OC/SS), steam content, oxygen source and cycle number on the SS CLG were investigated in detail in a fixed bed reactor. OC/SS and steam content are determined at 5 and 33.33% for obtaining a relatively high carbon conversion and an acceptable energy recovery during the SS CLG, respectively. The 1100CS is similar to steam, which can provide an oxygen source for SS conversion, and it can catalyze the cracking of tar. The conversion of SS undergoes a slight increase with the cycle number due to the prolongation of the gas-solid mean residence time (R_t) and the deposition of alkali or alkaline earth metals on the surface of the OC particles. Phosphorus eventually appears in the form of water-soluble phosphate during the SS CLG, benefiting its recovery. Thus, CLG with 1100CS as an OC is one of good option for sludge treatment.     

含纳米碳管镀层的制备及性能与应用

纳米碳管具有优异的力学、物理性能,被认为是一种理想的复合材料增强体.在介绍纳米碳管结构、性能和应用的基础上,主要总结与回顾了含纳米碳管镀层的制备方法(包括化学镀、电镀法)及复合镀层在高硬度、低摩擦因数和低磨损率、高耐磨性、高耐腐蚀性等性能方面的研究现状,并探讨了复合镀层的发展与应用前景.针对纳米碳管长径比大、反应活性低、表面曲率大导致易团聚、不易分散这一缺点,还介绍了常用的镀前表面改性等处理方法.