等离子弧熔覆高铬铸铁合金的组织与耐磨性

采用等离子弧粉末熔覆技术在Q235钢表面制备了高铬铸铁型铁基涂层。通过X射线衍射仪、光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察和分析了涂层的相组成和组织形貌,并测试了显微硬度,与高铬铸铁的耐磨性进行了对比。结果表明,等离子弧制备的熔覆层组织为主要由正交结构的M7C3(M=Cr,Fe)型碳化物和面心立方结构的(Fe,Ni)固溶体构成过共晶组织,涂层的显微硬度在650~850HV0.2,与高铬铸铁相比,涂层的相对耐磨性更好。     

Achieving highly efficient hydrogen generation and uniform Ag nanoparticle preparation via hydrolysis of Mg9Ag alloy milled under hydrogen gas

A Mg₉Ag alloy is employed as a medium for both production of hydrogen and preparation of Ag nanoparticles through hydrolysis. Mg₉Ag milled under H₂ exhibits very favorable structural characteristics, i.e., yielding a fine nanocrystal powder and partial hydrogen-induced phase decomposition. As a result, a hydrogen yield of 730 mL g⁻¹ is obtained in 25 min at 298 K, a much higher rate than produced by samples not milled or milled under argon. Moreover, the hydrolysis by-product can be recycled to obtain Ag nanoparticles by removing insoluble Mg(OH)₂ using an added HCl solution. These results show that this process provides a highly efficient method for economically produce hydrogen and Ag nanoparticles.     

NiO/C nanocapsules with onion-like carbon shell as anode material for lithium ion batteries

The synthesis of NiO/C nanocapsules with NiO nanoparticles as the core and onion-like carbon layers as the shell is reported. The NiO/C nanocapsules deliver an initial discharge capacity of 1689.4 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.5 C and maintain a high reversible capacity of 1157.7 mAh g⁻¹ after 50 cycles compared to the NiO nanoparticles of 383.5 mAh g⁻¹. As an anode material for lithium ion batteries, the NiO/C nanocapsules exhibit a remarkable discharge capacity, a high rate charge–discharge capability and an excellent cycling stability. The improvements are ascribed to the fact that the onion-like carbon shells not only can provide enough voids to accommodate the volume change of NiO nanoparticles but also can prevent the formation of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) films on the surface of the NiO nanoparticles and hence the direct contact of Ni and SEI films upon lithium extraction.     

基于AR模型MEM法的轧机扭矩信号分析

本文给出了AR模型MEM法的基本理论,通过实例证明这种方法得到的功率谱出较光滑,并且不需要预先知道信号的频率幅值等信息,适合于不以信号处理为研究方向的科研人员和现场操作人员用来分析轧机信号。     

钼对钴基合金激光熔覆层组织与耐磨性的影响

利用激光熔覆技术在低碳钢基体表面制备了钴基合金涂层.利用金相显微镜(OP)、扫描电镜(SEM)及x射线衍射仪(XRD)等研究了不同Mo元素含量的钴基合金涂层的组织结构;通过采用显微硬度试验、滑动磨损试验等方法进行性能测试.结果表明,含5.4%Mo的合金熔覆层主要组成相为γ-Co,Cr_(23)C_6,而含28%Mo的合金涂层主要相组成为γ-Co,Cr_(23)C_6,Co_3Mo_2Si_2和NiCor等相;含5.4%Mo涂层的组织主要为柱状生长树枝晶;含28%Mo单道涂层的结合区为紊乱的粗大树枝晶,中部为向上生长的细小的树枝晶,表层为细小的等轴晶,多道搭接涂层组织为细小的等轴晶;含28%Mo涂层的显微硬度可达800 HV以上,比含5.4%Mo涂层的硬度提高了一倍;耐磨性也有不同程度的提高.

Abstract：

Co-based alloy coatings with different Mo content (5.4% and 28 % ) on the surface of low carbon steel were prepared by laser cladding. The microstructure and phases composition of the coatings were investigated by means of optical microscope (OP), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction instrument (XRD). Microhardness and sliding wear resistance of the coatings were also tested. The results indicated that the main phases in Co-based alloy coatings with 5.4%Mo were γ-Co and Cr_(23) C_6. Another two phases of Co_3 Mo_2 Si and NiCoCr were identified in Co-based alloy coatings with 28% Mo. Directional dendrite was observed in Co-based alloy coatings with 5.4% Mo. Unidirectional dendrite at the interface, followed by fine dendrite at the central zone and equiaxed grain near top surface were found in Co-based alloy single coatings with 28% Mo, and almost all fine equiaxed grains appear in the multi-track coatings. The microhardness of Co-bascd alloy coatings with 28% Mo reaches up to 800 HV, which was 2 times of that of Co-based alloy coatings with 5.4% Mo. The sliding wear resistance was also improved.     

Hydrogen engine-specific properties

Hydrogen is seen as one of the important energy vectors of the next century. Hydrogen as an energy carrier, provides the potential for a sustainable development particularly in the transportation sector. A hydrogen fueled engine has the potential for substantially cleaner emissions than other internal combustion engines. Other benefits arise from the wide flammability limits and the high flame propagation speed, both allowing better efficiency. The Laboratory of Transporttechnology (University of Ghent) converted a GM/Crusader V8 SI engine for hydrogen use, to be built in a city bus. A sequential timed multipoint injection system was implemented. Attention is directed towards special characteristics related to the use of hydrogen as a fuel in IC engines: ignition properties (smaller spark plug gap), injection pressure (dependent on the means of storage: compressed gas or liquid), quality of the lubricating oil (due to higher blow-by volumes, a substantial amount of hydrogen is present in the crankcase), oxygen sensors (very lean operating conditions). The advantages and disadvantages of a power regulation by changing the air to fuel ratio (as for diesel engines), as compared to throttle regulation (SI engines) are judged.     

Cr3C2对激光选区熔化316L合金组织及力学性能的影响

目的 研究添加Cr3C2颗粒对激光选区熔化316L合金的硬度、强度及耐磨性能的影响。方法 采用激光选区熔化(Selective Laser Melting,SLM)技术制备316L合金及10%(质量分数)Cr3C2颗粒增强316L合金(Cr3C2/316L),通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、维氏显微硬度计、双立柱电子万能试验机和摩擦磨损试验机分别对2组合金试样的组织结构、硬度、拉伸性能以及耐磨性能进行测试与分析。结果 316L合金主要由γ-Fe相组成,Cr3C2/316L合金中除γ-Fe相外,还存在Cr23C6和Cr3C2相。316L和Cr3C2/316L合金的显微组织均由柱状晶和等轴晶组成,Cr3C2/316L的组织中等轴晶比例增多,且组织产生了细化。Cr3C2/316L合金的显微硬度为327HV0.1,相比316L合金(265HV0.1)增加了23%。Cr3C2/316L合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别为687 MPa和1 029 MPa,较316L合金均提高了约50%。Cr3C2/316L合金的磨损率相比316L合金减小了50%。结论 在SLM过程中,由于添加的Cr3C2颗粒在激光选区熔化316L合金过程中所产生的非自发形核和提高过冷度的作用,促使了316L合金组织发生明显细化和等轴化。添加的Cr3C2颗粒所产生的细晶强化、沉淀强化和固溶强化作用,使316L合金的硬度、强度和耐磨性都得到有效提升。     

The influence of copper upon the atmospheric corrosion of iron

The atmospheric corrosion of pure iron and the binary alloy Fe-0.5Cu has been analyzed by a simultaneous measurement of the anodic current density of the metal dissolution and the cathodic current density of the O₂ reduction reaction during several wet/dry cycles using a magnetic and a gas volumetric technique, respectively. The results show three typical stages of the atmospheric corrosion: stage 1 (wetting of a dry surface): rapid corrosion with rust reduction as cathodic process; stage 2 (wet surface): slow corrosion with O₂ reduction as cathodic process; and stage 3 (drying out of the surface): very rapid corrosion with O₂ reduction as the cathodic process during critical wetting of the surface. The effect of copper is restricted to stage 3, where the corrosion rate is much smaller for the Fe-0.5Cu alloy than for pure iron. Two models are discussed to explain these results.