露天爆破新材料新技术的试验与应用

介绍了露天爆破新材料性能和新技术（逐孔起爆），并在实践中与紫金山金铜矿露天开采前期使用的起爆材料和爆破技术进行了详细的对比试验。试验结果显示，爆破新材料新技术的爆破效果明显优于过去使用的普通导爆管雷管的爆破效果，爆破与铲装成本大幅度降低，为提高矿山的采矿技术水平和生产经营效益发挥了重要作用。     

On the kinetics and mechanism of the dissolution of pyrite in the presence of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans

In this paper, the results of a study of the leaching of pyrite in the presence and absence of bacteria at the same solution conditions are summarised. These results indicate that the leaching of pyrite occurs at a higher rate in the presence of bacteria than in the absence of bacteria. Analysis of the rate of reaction as a function of concentration indicates that the order of reaction with respect to ferric ions is the same in the presence and the absence of bacteria. However, the order of reaction with respect to H⁺ is −0.5 in the absence of bacteria, and −0.39 in the presence of bacteria. The results of a study of the mixed potential of pyrite are also presented. These results indicate that the mixed potential of pyrite decreases with time in the presence of bacteria, while it is constant in the absence of bacteria. A detailed mechanism of the leaching of pyrite in ferric sulphate solutions is presented, and this theory is used to interpret the results. It is argued that the effect of the bacteria on the rate of leaching and on the mixed potential is not consistent with the direct contact mechanism of bacteria leaching. Instead, it is shown that the results can be explained by an increase in the pH at the mineral surface as a result of bacterial activity. This means that the increase in the leaching rate is a result of the indirect contact mechanism.     

氢氧化钠滴定法测定湿法冶金的生物浸出液中硫酸

用氢氧化钠滴定法测定湿法冶金的生物浸出液中硫酸,由于浸出液中存在大量三价铁,当用盐酸羟胺还原铁时产生的酸使测定结果偏高。为了克服这种影响,建立了根据溶液中铁(Ⅲ)含量修正硫酸量的数学模型。硫酸的滴定值经用该数学模型修正后与推荐值十分接近。对硫酸含量为34.58 g/L和29.17 g/L的浸出液进行标准加入回收和精密度试验,测得回收率在98%~102%之间,相对标准偏差分别为1.11%和0.97%(n=12)。     

某湿法提铜萃余液回收铜锌工艺研究

本文对某湿法提铜萃余液采用除铁-硫化-深度中和处理工艺处理,可以实现萃余液中铜、锌综合回收,铜、锌总回收率分别达76.45%和80.03%,深度处理后的铜离子浓度均<0.5 mg/L,可达到排放标准,实现萃余液的资源化和无害化处理。     

低品位次生硫化铜矿酸性矿坑水喷淋堆浸工业试验

以酸性矿坑水为浸出剂,对紫金山低品位次生硫化铜矿进行堆浸工业试验。重点考察了矿石性质、喷淋制度、堆浸过程中浸矿细菌的种群结构等对矿石铜和铁浸出率的影响。结果表明,矿石堆浸210天,平均铜浸出率65.9%、铁浸出率5.4%。含酸性坑水喷淋次生硫化铜矿生物堆浸的湿法提铜工艺在工业上是可行的。     

乌拉根硫化铅锌矿浮选工艺研究

针对乌拉根硫化铅锌矿矿石进行了大量浮选条件实验研究,结果表明,在磨矿细度-0.074 mm占52.98%情况下,以乙黄药为铅浮选捕收剂、丁黄药为锌浮选捕收剂,闭路流程试验可获得产率1.24%、铅品位78.04%、回收率96.67%的特级铅精矿和产率4.81%、锌品位56.73%、回收率92.93%的优质锌精矿.     

某金铜矿露天开采爆破震动对边坡影响之测试分析

为了解采场正常生产爆破产生的动力效应对边坡产生的影响,摸清边坡爆破开挖的动力响应规律,在紫金山金铜矿,采用施工现场爆破振动测试结果分析和数据回归分析相结合的方法,对露采边坡进行分析研究,结果显示:临近边坡控制爆破总药量并合理设计起爆顺序,在靠帮和并段爆破采用预裂爆破方法,将有利于形成完整台阶,减小爆破后冲对台阶的直接破坏,把正常的生产爆破对边坡稳定所造成的不利影响程度降到最小。     

Tailoring the electrochemical reduction kinetics of dual-phase BaCe0.5Fe0.5O3-δ cathode via incorporating Mo for IT-SOFCs

The BaCe_0.5Fe_0.5O_3-δ (BCF) cathode consists of the ion-electron mixed conducting phase BaCe_0.15Fe_0.85O_3-δ (BCF1585) and the proton-conducting phase BaCe_0.85Fe_0.15O_3-δ (BCF8515). In this paper, the electrochemical performance is improved by incorporating the high valence element Mo into the BCF and applied to intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). High-temperature X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD) and O₂-temperature programmed desorption (O₂-TPD) results show that Mo doping enhances the structural stability of BCF. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results suggest that the introduction of Mo increases the amount of adsorbed oxygen and thus the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic activity. Compared to BCF, the polarization impedance of BaCe_0.5Fe_0.45Mo_0.05O_3-δ (BCFM) at 800 °C is 0.154 Ω·cm², a reduction of 22 %. Meanwhile, the BCFM output power at 800 °C is 778.01 mW·cm⁻², an improvement of 32.17 %, and maintains a stable current density after 250 h at 0.7 V. The results demonstrate that Mo doping is an effective strategy to enhance the electrochemical performance of BCF.     

刚果(金)某铜钴矿选冶联合工艺实践研究

刚果(金)某铜钴矿地处世界第三大铜矿带中非刚果(金)-赞比亚巨型铜钴成矿带的西北部,属大型沉积变质改造型矿床,地质成因复杂.该矿山矿石种类多、氧化率高、含泥量大,同时伴生有一定量的钴金属.本文论述了目前矿山采用的选冶联合工艺回收实践效果,选矿、冶炼铜回收率分别稳定在85％、97％左右,湿法铜回收率91％,钴回收率75％.矿山年产铜10万t、钴3000 t,矿石资源得到了高效回收利用,同时为同类型矿山开发利用提供一定的借鉴.     

基于Freundlich吸附等温方程测定氰化提金工艺用活性炭的吸附金容量

活性炭作为金的良好吸附剂广泛地应用在氰化提金生产工艺中,因此对活性炭吸附金性能的评价是非常重要的。在参考氰化提金生产工艺的基础上,模拟活性炭吸附氰化液中金的工艺过程,基于Freundlich吸附等温方程,建立活性炭吸附金容量的测定方法。通过考察一系列对吸附金容量测定的影响因素,优化和确定了测定方法的条件:吸附振荡时间为16h,吸附溶液体积为150mL,活性炭粒度在0.074mm以下,振荡器转速为200r/min,吸附溶液pH值为11.5,振荡温度为(30±1)℃,吸附溶液中氰化钠质量浓度为0.2g/L。按照实验方法测定了2个活性炭实际样品的吸附金容量,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)分别为4.2%和4.8%。并对不同活性炭的吸附金容量情况与碘值进行对比,结果表明实验方法具有可比性。