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51.
52.
《Fuel Processing Technology》2005,86(5):487-497
The influence of hydrothermal treatment of coal prior to carbonization, on the oxidation susceptibility of resultant coke/char, calcined at 1350, 1800 and 2200 °C has been investigated. The non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis technique has been employed, and parameters such as onset, DTG peak temperatures, and cumulative oxidation loss (wt.%) at different temperatures have been utilized to compare proneness to oxidation with respective untreated samples apart from electrical resistivity. Data suggest that all the cokes/chars samples produced from hydrothermally treated coals are less reactive and more electrically conductive (less resistive) than their respective untreated counterparts. But the extent of improvement of oxidation resistance and electrical conductivity appears to be coal-specific. The kinetic parameters obtained by non-linear regression analysis on multi-curve reveal that the nth order reaction model (where ‘n’ was found to vary from 0.9 to 1.3) is the best-fitted model. The higher activation energy values observed for hydrothermally treated coke samples are in agreement with the observation of TG analysis data. Overall results indicate the importance of introducing a hydrothermal treatment step for the improvement of oxidation resistance as well as electrical conductivity of the coke samples. 相似文献
53.
An experimental study of flow and heat transfer of supercritical carbon dioxide in multi-port mini channels under cooling conditions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper presents the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of supercritical CO2 in a horizontal multi-port extruded aluminum test section consisting of 10 circular channels with an inner diameter of 1.31 mm. Both local and average pressure drop and heat transfer coefficients were measured as CO2 was cooled in the multi-port circular channels with pressures ranging from 7.4 to 8.5 MPa, inlet fluid temperatures ranging from 22 to , and mass velocity ranging from 113.7 to 418.6 kg/m2 s. The results indicate that the operating pressure, the mass velocity and the temperature of CO2 had significant effects on fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics. The pressure drop and the average heat transfer coefficient increased greatly with increasing the average temperatures of CO2 in the near-critical region; the average heat transfer coefficient attained a peak value near the corresponding pseudocritical temperature; and the maximum heat transfer coefficient decreased as the pressure increased. Both the pressure drop and the heat transfer coefficient increased with the mass velocity, but decreased with the operating pressure. The measured average heat transfer coefficients were compared with the experimental data reported in the literatures and a large discrepancy was observed. Based on the experimental data collected in the present work, a new correlation was developed for forced convection of supercritical CO2 in horizontal multi-port mini channels under cooling conditions. 相似文献
54.
竖直微槽群毛细结构广泛应用在重力热管、蒸发器等散热设备内,但受重力等因素影响易达到毛细极限。引入电场的主动强化方式来提高竖直微槽的毛细极限,并通过实验和建立数学模型研究电场对竖直微槽内液体润湿及毛细流动特性的影响。结果表明,电场可以提高竖直微槽内液体润湿高度,当电场为5.0 kV时与无电场时相比,润湿高度强化比可达到30.0%。同时,电场作用下流体在微槽道内的毛细润湿流动呈分段效应:润湿流动初期,润湿高度与时间的1/2次方呈线性关系,即h-t1/2,润湿速率与润湿高度的倒数呈线性关系,即v-1/h;润湿流动中后期,润湿高度与时间的1/3次方呈线性关系,即h-t1/3,润湿速率与润湿高度平方的倒数呈线性关系,即v-1/h2,且润湿速率随时间呈下降趋势。 相似文献
55.
Cheng ZiMing Shuai Yong Gong DaYang Wang FuQiang Liang HuaXu Li GuiQiang 《中国科学:技术科学(英文版)》2021,64(5):1017-1029
Radiative cooling can achieve cooling effect without consuming any energy by delivering energy into outer space(3K) through"atmospheric window"(8–13 μm). Conventional radiative cooling coating with multi-layer structure was severely restricted during application due to its complex preparation process and high cost. In this study, a single-layer radiative cooling coating with mixture of TiO_2 particles and SiO_2 particles was proposed. The algorithm for calculating the radiative properties of the multi-particle system was developed. Monte Carlo ray-tracing method combined with that algorithm was used to solve the radiative transfer equation(RTE) of the single-layer radiative cooling coating with mixture of TiO_2 particles and SiO_2 particles.The effects of particle diameter, volume fraction and coating thickness on radiative cooling performance were analyzed to obtain the best radiative cooling performance. The numerical results indicated that the average reflectivity of the single-layer radiative cooling coating with mixture of TiO_2 particles and SiO_2 particles in the solar spectrum can reach 95.6%, while and the average emissivity in the "atmospheric window" spectrum can reach 94.9% without additional silver-reflectance layer. The average reflectivity in the solar spectrum and average emissivity in the "atmospheric window" spectrum of the single-layer radiative cooling coating with mixture of TiO_2 particles and SiO_2 particles can increase 4.6% and 4.8% compared to the double-layer radiative cooling coating. This numerical research results can provide a theoretical guidance for design and optimization of single-layer radiative cooling coatings containing mixed nanoparticles. 相似文献
56.
An experimental study was conducted to investigate the structural stability of ethylene glycol-based titanium dioxide nanoparticle
suspensions (nanofluids) prepared by two-step method. The effects of particle concentration, fluid temperature, shear rate
and shear duration were examined. Particle size and thermal conductivity measurements in quiescent state indicated the existence
of aggregates and that they were stable in temperatures up to 60°C. Shear stability tests suggested that the structure of
nanoparticle aggregates was stable in a shear interval of 500-3000 s-1 measured over a temperature range of 20-60°C. These findings show directions to resolve controversies surrounding the underlying
mechanisms of thermal conduction and convective heat transfer of nanofluids. 相似文献
57.
58.
在小型循环流化床中对铁矿石粉在氮气气氛下用大同煤粉直接还原进行了实验研究,在800~950℃考察了反应温度对铁矿石粉的还原程度及还原产物微观结构的影响. 结果表明,随反应温度提高,铁矿石粉还原产物的金属化率及还原度均增加,800~850℃时增幅较大,850~900℃时增幅平缓,900~950℃时又出现较大增幅,950℃时达到63%的金属化率和87%的还原度;与还原前的铁矿石粉相比,还原产物的比表面积和总孔体积在800℃时均增加,而在其他温度时均减小,对应的平均孔径变化规律则相反. 相似文献
59.
利用TG/DTA 6300型热分析仪研究了宁夏石沟驿煤的气化残炭的燃烧特性,从着火特性、燃尽特性和稳燃特性三个方面分析了升温速率、粒径和氧气浓度对气化残炭燃烧特性的影响,并采用正交实验分析了升温速率、粒径和氧气浓度三个因素对气化残炭燃烧特性影响的耦合作用.实验结果表明,提高升温速率可以改善气化残炭的燃尽特性;粒径的减小有助于气化残炭的着火;氧气浓度的增加对改善气化残炭燃烧特性有明显的作用,但这种改善效果随氧气浓度的增加而减弱;升温速率对气化残炭的着火特性影响最大,而氧气浓度对气化残炭的燃尽特性和稳燃特性影响最大. 相似文献
60.
将无迹卡尔曼滤波技术(unscented Kalman filter, UKF)用于求解一维介质热物性参数反演问题;也对利用扩展卡尔曼滤波技术(extended Kalman filter, EKF)反演一维介质中热导率问题进行了研究。首先给出了正问题模型,然后详细介绍了EKF算法和UKF算法的基本原理。最后为了验证当前算法的可行性,采用UKF算法重建了介质内部随位置变化的热导率,并采用EKF算法重建了介质内部随时间变化的热导率。计算结果表明,UKF算法和EKF算法均能较为准确地反演介质的热导率。为了减小重建结果的时间滞后,建议使用较小的测量误差协方差R。 相似文献