Antibacterial effect of phenolic compounds from different wines

The antimicrobial properties of pure phenolic compounds and polyphenols of different wines against pathogens were investigated. It was observed that bacterial species exhibited different sensitivities towards the different concentrations of phenolic compounds. Escherichia coli was the most sensitive bacterium and Flavobacterium sp. was resistant against all phenolic compounds tested. All wine samples showed antimicrobial properties and the inhibition increased when the polyphenols concentration of wines increased. Clarified wines were inactive against all bacteria, indicating that polyphenolic compounds present in red wines, are responsible for the antimicrobial effects observed. The different concentrations of polyphenols in wines could have an important impact on consumers with the consequent increase in wine commercialization.     

The Regulatory Roles of Mitochondrial Calcium and the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter in Tumor Cells

Mitochondria, as the main site of cellular energy metabolism and the generation of oxygen free radicals, are the key switch for mitochondria-mediated endogenous apoptosis. Ca²⁺ is not only an important messenger for cell proliferation, but it is also an indispensable signal for cell death. Ca²⁺ participates in and plays a crucial role in the energy metabolism, physiology, and pathology of mitochondria. Mitochondria control the uptake and release of Ca²⁺ through channels/transporters, such as the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), and influence the concentration of Ca²⁺ in both mitochondria and cytoplasm, thereby regulating cellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis. Mitochondrial Ca²⁺ transport-related processes are involved in important biological processes of tumor cells including proliferation, metabolism, and apoptosis. In particular, MCU and its regulatory proteins represent a new era in the study of MCU-mediated mitochondrial Ca²⁺ homeostasis in tumors. Through an in-depth analysis of the close correlation between mitochondrial Ca²⁺ and energy metabolism, autophagy, and apoptosis of tumor cells, we can provide a valuable reference for further understanding of how mitochondrial Ca²⁺ regulation helps diagnosis and therapy.     

Comparison of the performance of the class modelling techniques UNEQ,SIMCA, and PRIMA

Derde, M.P. and Massart, D.L., 1988. Comparison of the performance of the class modelling techniques UNEQ, SIMCA, and PRIMA. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 4: 65-93By means of a Monte Carlo study a systematic comparison of the supervised pattern recognition techniques of the class modelling type, UNEQ, SIMCA and PRIMA is made. In particular, the success rate of the classification decisions and the influence of the sample size on it were investigated.It was concluded that better class models are obtained when a technique is used that takes the shape of the population distribution into account. If the actual distribution cannot be determined, then use should be made of techniques that make no or only weak assumptions about the shape of the distribution. However, even then it remains worthwhile to investigate whether the variables are correlated and to take this information into account.When using SIMCA and PRIMA, attention should also be paid to the way the class models are defined: an approach that makes use of certain sample parameters such as the range of the variables or the maximum distance between a training object and the class model might lead to overly broad models, especially for large training sets.     

苹果酸-乳酸发酵对威代尔冰酒香气的影响

以酒精发酵与苹果酸-乳酸发酵同时进行的威代尔冰酒为实验组,以单一酒精发酵的冰酒为对照,采用液相色谱（LC）、顶空固相微萃取（HS-SPME）和气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）技术,对有机酸含量和挥发性香气成分进行定性定量检测,同时进行感官评定,探究苹果酸-乳酸发酵对威代尔冰酒香气的影响。结果表明,苹果酸-乳酸发酵能使冰酒中苹果酸含量降低26%,乳酸含量增加50%,显著提高冰酒中脂肪酸乙酯类（34.71%）和萜类香气物质含量（15.2%）（P＜0.05）,显著降低戊醇等高级醇类含量（12.19%）（P＜0.05）,提高冰酒的花香、果香、焦糖香,显著降低化学味。感官分析结果表明,苹果酸-乳酸发酵能增加冰酒中的果香、花香,降低冰酒酸度,提高糖酸平衡感,从而提高其整体接受度。     

鲽鱼下脚料酶解产物的功能特性

为全面了解水解度对鲽鱼下脚料(鱼头、皮、骨)酶解产物功能特性(溶解性、热稳定性和乳化性)的影响,采用碱性蛋白酶在其最适条件下进行酶解,得到水解度为9.0%～23.4%的酶解产物,并对其功能特性进行分析。结果显示:相同pH值条件下当水解度大于15%时,酶解产物的溶解性随水解度的升高而增大;水解度为11.3%、17.2%、21.7%、23.4%的酶解产物经93℃、10min处理后溶解性仍可保持在90%以上;在pH4和pH7条件下,酶解产物的乳化指数均在水解度为23.4%时达到最高。鲽鱼下脚料碱性蛋白酶酶解产物的功能特性受水解度及pH值的影响。     

添加甘氨酸对天冬酰胺/葡萄糖模拟体系中丙烯酰胺形成的抑制作用

美拉德反应目前被认为是形成丙烯酰胺的重要途径,极探讨了甘氨酸在葡萄糖/天冬酰胺模拟体系中抑制丙烯酰胺形成的规律。模拟体系分别在90、100、110、120℃下反应4h,丙烯酰胺的生成、褐变度的增加、产物的减少以及对天冬酰胺和甘氨酸降解动力学的分析表明,甘氨酸的添加能够显著降低美拉德反应生成的丙烯酰胺,且在该反应体系中甘氨酸与天冬酰胺之间存在竞争关系。     

茉莉酸甲酯诱导采后番茄果实抗病的作用

为寻找安全无毒的采后保鲜防病途径,探讨茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)在采后番茄果实诱导抗病性中的作用和机制。以绿熟期“丽春”番茄为材料,接种灰霉菌,并观察该菌对诱导抗病性的作用,研究MeJA对采后抗病的反应及其诱导作用,并对不同处理中番茄果实抵抗病原菌侵染能力、茉莉酸类物质含量、植物抗菌物质含量的诱导差异进行检测。结果表明：外源MeJA处理能够有效抑制番茄果实采后病害的发生,提高果实对琏格孢霉(Alternaria solani)、灰葡萄孢霉(Botrytis cinerea)、扩展青霉(Penicillium expansum)、匍枝根霉(Rhizopus stolonifer)病原菌侵染的广谱抗性,并通过诱导包括病程相关蛋白、酚类、番茄红素在内的抗菌物质积累,达到诱导抗病效果。     

紫外分光光度法对微酸性电生功能水中有效氯成分的检测

作为测量有效氟的经典方法,碘量滴定法和DPD法(N,N-二乙基-1,4-笨二胺滴定法)各有其局限性,因此亟需一种简便、快捷的电生功能水分析、测定方法.本实验研究讨论了紫外分光光度法测量不同电解质的电生功能水中有效氟成分-HClO和ClO-的应用;并利用紫外扫描光谱对电生功能水贮存中的失效因素进行分析.实验证明紫外分光光...     

湖南刺葡萄酒主要呈香物质的分析

采用顶空固相微萃取（HS-SPME）结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）,对湖南省3个品种刺葡萄（米葡萄、涩葡萄和甜葡萄）酒的挥发性组分进行了检测,并根据定量结果和各物质的感官阈值对每种物质的香气活性值（OAV）进行计算。结果表明,3个品种刺葡萄酒中共检出挥发性组分90种,主要包括高级醇类、酯类、萜烯类及C6类化合物等。OAV＞1的挥发性组分有21种,包括β-大马士酮、异戊酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯等。基于雷达图的分析结果表明,3个品种刺葡萄酒的香气轮廓较为相似,主要呈现果香、花香和甜香。     

橄榄苦苷改善db/db小鼠糖尿病的肝脏转录组学及生物信息学分析

通过转录组学及其生物信息学分析,研究了橄榄苦苷缓解db/db小鼠糖尿病的肝脏差异表达基因及相关信号通路。结果发现与db/db对照组相比,橄榄苦苷处理组的539个基因发生显著变化,其中450个基因显著上调,89个基因显著下调。将上调和下调的差异表达基因在基因本体论数据库中注释,这些差异表达基因主要在细胞过程、细胞部分和结合中分布。京都基因与基因组百科全书通路富集分析结果显示上调的差异表达基因主要富集在磷酸肌醇3-激酶-蛋白激酶B信号通路途径,该通路共涉及27个差异表达基因;下调的差异表达基因主要富集在花生四烯酸代谢和真核生物中核糖体的生物发生信号通路途径,分别涉及4个差异表达基因。本研究为进一步阐明橄榄苦苷缓解2型糖尿病的分子机制奠定了基础。