中国大陆进口冷链食品关联新型冠状病毒疫情调查

目的 新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）全球大流行以来,中国大陆报道了多起SARS-CoV-2污染进口冷链食品引起的本土新冠疫情,分析此类疫情的特点和传播概况,可以为今后类似疫情防控提出相应建议。方法 收集SARS-CoV-2污染进口冷链食品引起本土新冠疫情文献、官方新闻报道等信息,整理和分析相应数据。结果 2020年6月至2022年11月,共检索到此类疫情20起,包含1 646例病例,涉及9个省（自治区、直辖市）。其中,2020年10起,2021年3起,2022年7起;病例数规模在200例及以上共3起。结论 新冠全球大流行以来中国大陆检索到的20起进口冷链食品相关本土新冠疫情均为冷链从业人员接触进口冷链食品或其外包装感染引起,且大部分（75%）引起了后续社区传播,但是在中国大陆集中监管仓建设等各种有力控制措施下,此类疫情数量和持续时间均呈下降趋势。     

青岛市市售蔬菜中农残特征及膳食暴露风险评估

目的 了解青岛市市售蔬菜中农药残留污染水平,为青岛市蔬菜食用安全提供科学依据。方法 2020—2022年,在青岛10个区市随机采集7大类680份蔬菜样品,检测并分析蔬菜样品中28种农药残留的特征,对被检出农药进行急性、慢性膳食暴露风险评估。结果 680份蔬菜样品中,农药检出率为9.71%（66/680）;超标率为2.79%（19/680）。共检出10种农药,检出率最高的为联苯菊酯4.50%（27/600）;共超标6种农药,超标率最高的为毒死蜱1.18%（8/680）。各类农药检出率与超标率间的差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.001）。7类蔬菜间的检出率差异具有统计学意义（P<0.001）,茄果类农残检出率最高（27.68%,31/112）,检出农残种类的数量最多（8种）。7类蔬菜中均有禁限用农药的分布。10个区市均有农残检出,除黄岛区、胶州市、平度市外均有超标现象。城阳区检出率为19.44%（7/36）,李沧区超标率为7.02%（4/57）,市北区检出农残种类的数量最多为7种。检出的各类农药的急性、慢性膳食暴露风险评估aHQ、cHQ均小于1。结论 青岛市市售蔬菜样品中仍有部分禁限用农药存在,但农药残留水平较低,居民通过膳食途径摄入蔬菜中农残的健康风险较小。要继续加强对禁限用农药的监督管理,最大限度降低食用蔬菜中农药残留对人体健康造成的风险。     

The industrial robot in a flexible manufacturing system: State of the art and prospects

The actual situation of the industrial robots is described here. A comparison of the density in different countries gives an idea of the importance of these machines. The situation in Germany and especially in assembly automation is described more in detail. The results of a study of assembly automation are described as well as the necessity for assembly-oriented product design.     

Application of electrolyzed functional water on producing mung bean sprouts

Electrolyzed functional water possesses a wide variety of antimicrobial activities. Electrolyzed functional water, which used to take place of tap water in producing mung bean sprouts, was studied in this paper. The results showed that electrolyzed water can not only reduce the quantity of microorganism on the surface of mung bean sprouts, but also promote the growth of sprouts. Further research showed that electrolyte leakage rate of mung bean soaked in electrolyzed water was the lowest, while the catalase’s activity of mung bean soaked in electrolyzed water was the highest. All of these contribute to the high activity of mung bean.     

Compact circular-patch-based bandpass filter for ultra-wideband wireless communication systems

Ultra-wideband (UWB) is a radio technology that enables low-power-level, short-range, and wide-bandwidth communication, and it has been widely applied in personal area networks, precision geolocation, medical, surveillance, and vehicular radar systems. Since Federal Communications Commission released the unlicensed use of the UWB range (3.1–10.6 GHz), a significant attention has been paid to the development of UWB devices, particularly UWB bandpass filters. In this paper, we propose a novel UWB bandpass filter based on circular patch resonator that is grounded by via and perturbed by slits and defected ground structures. The resonator’s behaviour is analysed in detail and it is shown that its specific configuration allows a flexible control of the three lowest resonant modes, which are used to form UWB passband. To demonstrate the potential of the resonator, a UWB filter has been designed, fabricated, and measured. The filter is characterized by the insertion loss lower than 1 dB and return loss higher than 17 dB within the passband, as well as by very small group delay variation of only 0.07 ns. Also, the filter exhibits suppression higher than 19 dB up to 30 GHz, and very small overall dimensions of only 0.31λ_g × 0.31λ_g, and thus it outperforms other published UWB filters.     

Annular denuder method for sampling reactive gases and aerosols in the atmosphere

The annular denuder method (ADM), consisting of a denuder-filter pack assembly, has been developed to measure several gaseous and aerosol species without sampling artifacts. Its application to the determination of gaseous acids and ammonia in the atmosphere indicates that this aim is achieved, even though the ratio of analytes in the gas phase and particulate matter is extremely low. The procedure is particularly suitable for the measurement of trace levels (0.1 μg m⁻³) of HNO₃ and SO₂ (even in the presence of high levels of sulfate and nitrate) as well as of HNO₂ (by making correction for the positive interference of NO₂ and PAN).The ADM sampling and analysis precision for the examined gases does not exceed ±10% in the 0.1–10 μg m⁻³ range. By sampling at an air flow rate of 151 min⁻¹, the minimum detectable atmospheric concentrations is ∼0.1 μgm⁻³ for each species over a 3 h interval.     

Reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enteritidis on mung bean seeds and sprouts by slightly acidic electrolyzed water

High microbial populations on mung beans and its sprouts are the primary reason of a short shelf life of these products, and potentially present pathogens may cause human illness outbreak. The efficiency for inactivating Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) and Salmonella enteritidis (S. enteritidis), which were artificially inoculated on mung bean seeds and sprouts, by means of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW, pH 5.0 to 6.5) generated through electrolysis of a mixture of NaCl and hydrochloric acid solution in a non-membrane electrolytic chamber, was evaluated at the different available chlorine concentrations (ACCs, 20–120 mg/l) and treatment time (3–15 min), respectively. The effect of SAEW treatment on the viability of seeds was also determined. Results indicate that the ACC had more significant effect on the bactericidal activity of SAEW for reducing both pathogens on the seeds and sprouts compared to treatment time (P < 0.05). The seeds and sprouts treated with SAEW at ACCs of 20 and 80 mg/l resulted in a reduction of 1.32–1.78 log₁₀ CFU/g and 3.32–4.24 log₁₀ CFU/g for E. coli, while 1.27–1.76 log₁₀ CFU/g and 3.12–4.19 log₁₀ CFU/g for S. enteritidis, respectively. The germination percentage of mung bean seeds was not significantly affected by the treatment of SAEW at an ACC of 20 mg/l for less than 10 min (P > 0.05). The finding of this study implies that SAEW with a near-neutral pH value and low available chlorine is an effective method to reduce foodborne pathogens on seeds and sprouts with less effects on the viability of seeds.     

A high performance grid-web service framework for the identification of ‘conserved sequence tags’

The continuous increasing of computing power in biological research places a threshold to the single host use and suggests an approach based on distributed computing. An emerging solution is grid technology, which allows organization to make better use of existing computing resources by providing them with a single, transparent, aggregated source of computing power. Equally, bioinformatics analysis often involves many web services, allowing shared access to information and helping the biologist to design, describe, record complex experiments. A new generation of grid infrastructure, where web services are building blocks, allow managent of a web services workflow.This work shows a tool for the identification and functional annotation of ‘Conserved Sequence Tags’ (CSTs) through cross-species genome comparisons, deployed on a Grid System Architecture, based on Web Services concepts and technologies.     

Stable auto-tuning of hybrid adaptive fuzzy/neural controllers for nonlinear systems

In direct adaptive control, the adaptation mechanism attempts to adjust a parameterized nonlinear controller to approximate an ideal controller. In the indirect case, however, we approximate parts of the plant dynamics that are used by a feedback controller to cancel the system nonlinearities. In both cases, “approximators” such as linear mappings, polynomials, fuzzy systems, or neural networks can be used as either the parameterized nonlinear controller or identifier model. In this paper, we present an algorithm to tune the adaptation gain for a gradient-based hybrid update law used for a class of nonlinear continuous-time systems in both direct and indirect cases. In our proposed algorithm, the adaptation gain is obtained by minimizing the instantaneous control energy. Finally, we will demonstrate the performance of the algorithm via a wing rock regulation example.