Effects of compressive and tensile stress on the growth mode of epitaxial oxide films

Oxide films were deposited on different substrates by laser molecular beam epitaxy. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction was performed to in situ investigate the change of growth mode and the lattice relaxation during the growth. An asymmetrical phenomenon was found in the two kinds of strain states, compressive stress and tensile stress of heterostructures with different lattice mismatch. In the case of BaTiO₃/SrTiO₃ (2.2%), 2D layer-by-layer growth mode without lattice relaxation can be maintained for a longer period for BTO films on STO with compressive stress, comparing to STO films on BTO with tensile stress. When MgO films were deposited on SrTiO₃ with a large mismatch of 7.8%, compressive stress leads to rapid lattice relaxation with a very thin wet layer, and 3D strained island were observed. As a comparison, SrTiO₃ films on MgO with tensile stress were configured. No RHEED patterns can be observed duo to a large tensile stress.     

纵横波联合反演在苏里格含气性检测中的应用

苏里格气田目的层属于辫状河和曲流河沉积环境下的多种砂体组合，而且含气层速度值与泥岩的速度值有较大的重叠。因此，单纯纵波反演在该地区不能有效地剔除低速泥岩，区分致密砂岩与有效砂岩。AVO理论和实践证明，含气砂岩随饱和度的下降，纵波速度明显变化，而横波速度变化较小。纵横波联合反演可得到纵波阻抗和横波阻抗，进而可有效区分岩性。纵波阻抗和横波阻抗的比值，可消除密度项得到纵横波速度比。根据Aki Richards公式可知，在纵横波速度比为1.5左右时，可确定砂岩含气。据此，在推导纵横波联合反演公式和确定反演过程的基础上，对苏里格气田某测线进行纵横波联合反演，得到纵波阻抗、横波阻抗和纵横波速度比，从而确定了低速泥岩、致密砂岩与有效砂岩的分布范围。     

Evaluation of the parameters of a magnetic hysteresis model

This paper presents a method based on use of a measurement system in order to significantly reduce the time taken and to improve the accuracy in evaluating parameters of the Jiles–Atherton's model of magnetic hysteresis. The steps of the proposed method: (a) data acquisition from the experimental hysteresis loop of the magnetic material under test, (b) evaluation of the model's parameters. In order to highlight the method's effectiveness, the results of experimental tests are also given.     

Distribution of energy consumption and the 2000 W/capita target

This viewpoint discusses the intra- and international distribution of energy consumption and their implications for intergenerational equity. For global development to be sustainable, the inequality of energy consumption must have an upper limit. A graphic depiction of energy consumption distributions (intra- and international) shows that today's inequalities are large and it is argued that we may have already reached or perhaps even surpassed the sustainability limit of energy consumption inequality.     

One-to-Many and Many-to-One Optical Chaos Communications Using Semiconductor Lasers

A theoretical construction of one-to-many (OTM) and many-to-one (MTO) chaos synchronization communications using semiconductor lasers is presented. One center laser provides strong injections (strong link) to other side lasers, and the side lasers also provide weak injections (weak link) to the center one. Simulation results show that the side lasers synchronize with the center laser through injection-locking. In addition, messages transmitted via the strong links or the weak links experience strong chaos pass filtering, enabling us to realize OTM and MTO communications.     

A BOUNDARY INTEGRAL EQUATION AND ITS NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF POTENTIAL FLOW AROUND SURFACE-IRREGULA-RITIES

In this paper,using complex functional theory,the authors turn the potentialflow around the surface irregularities in a pressure conduit and semi-infinite platforms intoDirichlet problem.Based on Schwarz formula and by the application of Plemelj's formula,theauthors change the problem into the integration of a Cauchy boundary integral equation in theflow plane through the substitution of variables.Using numerical integration,the authors obtainthe velocity distribution and pressure coefficient along surface irregularities and platforms.Thephysical concept of this method is clear,the convergent speed is rapid and the computative effi-ciency is high.The calculated values agree well with the measured results.It is an effective andsimple method in solving potential flow.     

Comment on "Outage Probability Analysis of a MIMO Relay Channel with Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes"

We point out that a simpler expression could be derived for the outage probability considered by Chalise and Vandendorpe (2008). As a result, the computation of confluent hypergeometric function of two variables is not needed and the required computational effort is significantly reduced.     

Miniaturized Hexagonal Stepped-Impedance Resonators and Their Applications to Filters

Miniaturized hexagonal stepped-impedance resonators and their applications to bandpass filters are presented. Based on the odd- and even-mode equivalent circuits, the resonance characteristics of these resonators are investigated. A series of circuit configurations, including the third-order Chebyshev, trisection, and fifth-order cascaded trisection filters, are constructed by the proposed resonators. These filters are very compact and have good stopband responses. Measured results validate the analysis and theoretical prediction with good agreement.