排序方式： 共有60条查询结果，搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
微波预处理油菜籽可显著提高压榨出油率,但压榨后的饼粕中仍残留油脂,可采用浸出法提取饼中残油。为比较压榨油和浸出油的主要理化品质,在2450MHz、800W的微波条件下,分别对油菜籽预处理0～7min,冷却至室温后压榨制油,继而对饼粕中残油用正己烷萃取。结果表明,微波处理时间、压榨和浸出的制油方式对菜籽油酸价、过氧化值、p-茴香胺值、水分含量均有显著影响（P〈0.05）。压榨油和浸出油的酸价、p-茴香胺值随微波时间的延长而增加,过氧化值呈先增加后减少的趋势,浸出油酸价、过氧化值和p-茴香胺值高于压榨油。压榨油水分含量随微波时间的延长而增加,而浸出油的则减少,压榨油水分含量高于浸出油。压榨油和浸出油的色泽（罗维朋比色）随微波时间的延长逐渐变深,浸出油色泽更深;加热试验（至280℃）中压榨油无析出物,而浸出油产生絮状析出物。由此可见基于微波预处理油菜籽的压榨油仅需水洗、过滤或离心分离即可满足国家标准,浸出油则需要进行脱胶、脱酸、脱色等精炼处理。 相似文献
2.
构建具有较高物理稳定性的乳液体系对最大限度提高磷虾油生物利用率和拓宽其在健康食品中的应用尤为重要。基于此,本文研究了内源性磷脂-乳清分离蛋白（WPI）交互作用对磷虾油乳液理化特性、微观结构和物理稳定性的影响规律和作用机理。结果表明,当载油量为25%时,磷虾油乳液平均粒径和Zeta电位值分别为35.03 nm和?27.3 mV,乳液趋于不稳定。添加0.5% （w/v）WPI使磷虾油乳液的平均粒径和Zeta电位绝对值分别增加84.0%、31.4%（P<0.05）,低剪切速率下表观粘度值增加7倍（P<0.05）,稳定性指数（TSI）值降低70.3%（P<0.05）,乳液趋于稳定。进一步结果显示,内源性磷脂能够与WPI交互作用改善其界面活性,并使WPI中α-螺旋结构含量降低1.60%（P<0.05）,内源性荧光强度和表面疏水特性明显增强。环境胁迫稳定性结果表明,模拟巴氏杀菌热处理能够增加磷虾油乳液物理稳定性,且向弱碱性pH迁移过程中（pH6~9）表现出较强的物理稳定性。因此,内源性磷脂-WPI交互作用对构建高物理稳定性磷虾油乳液和拓宽其在健康食品体系中的应用提供了可能。 相似文献
3.
Miao Zhang Chang Zheng Mei Yang Qi Zhou Wenlin Li Changsheng Liu Fenghong Huang 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2019,96(3):303-317
Defatted meals of 10 rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties were investigated for their total phenolic, phenolic acid (free, esterified, and insoluble-bound forms), and tannin contents. The antioxidant capacities (AC) of methanol extracts from samples were assessed using the 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•), Folin–Ciocalteu method and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and β-carotene–linoleic acid tests. In the fraction of free phenolic acids, sinapic, caffeic, ferulic, syringic, gallic, and p-coumaric acids were identified. In the fraction of esterified phenolic acids, sinapine, sinapoyl glucoside, and disinapoyl gentiobiose were identified. After basic hydrolysis, sinapic, ferulic, cinnamic, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acids were identified, and sinapic acid (SA) constituted 98.3% to 99.6% of the total esterified phenolic acids. Eleven components (sinapic, protocatechuic, p-coumaric, syringic, vanillic, gallic, caffeic, ferulic, salicylic, cinnamic, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acids) in the fraction of insoluble-bound phenolic acids were identified. The AC of the samples correlated with the total phenolic content. Overall, the total phenolics showed a better correlation with AC than the individual phenolic compounds. Moreover, SA, sinapoyl glucoside, and disinapoyl gentiobiose showed a highly significant and strong positive correlation with the AC of rapeseed meals, and the derivatives of cinnamic acid showed a higher correlation with AC than the derivatives of benzoic acid. The change in the canolol content in rapeseeds under microwave irradiation is discussed. The correlation of the canolol formed with SA and its derivatives is discussed. 相似文献
4.
X. Y. Dong J. Zhong F. Wei X. Lv L. Wu Y. Lei B. S. Liao S. Y. Quek H. Chen 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2015,92(2):233-242
Oilseed plants produce huge amounts of fatty acids (FA) stored as triacylglycerols (TAG) in seeds that give a great variation in their composition. The variety and content of TAG directly affect the nutrition and function of lipids. TAG composition of 12 high‐oleic and normal peanut oil samples were profiled by two‐dimensional liquid chromatography (2D LC) coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI‐MS). The statistical evaluation of the TAG profiles determined was conducted on the basis of multidimensional data matrix using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The technique enabled the differentiation of high‐oleic oils from normal peanut oils—as results illustrated TAG of high‐oleic peanut oil were clearly different from those of normal peanut oils. High‐oleic and normal peanut oils had different profiles mainly in the contents of OOO, OPO and POL. This finding provided theoretical foundation for detecting the adulteration of edible oils and analyzing the nutrition and function of high‐oleic peanut oils. 相似文献
5.
6.
In this study, the potential of organic acids (formic acid, acetic acid) in a catalytical and mechanocatalytic conversion of lignocellulosic barley straw to valuable sugars is explored using sulfuric acid as a reference. Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis has been carried out with acid-impregnated samples as well as unmodified barley straw. In the mechanocatalytical approach, pretreatment consists of impregnation with the acid catalyst and mechanical treatment by ball milling following chemical hydrolysis. Straw samples and residues were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) whereas hydrolysate analysis was based on total reducing sugar (TRS) determination following the DNS method and capillary electrophoresis (CE) analysis. The results indicated that acetic acid and formic acid are rather mild acids yielding low TRS levels compared to the reference acid. Mechanocatalytical pretreatment slightly increased TRS yields, but not significantly. Strikingly, sulfuric acid showed an efficient conversion efficiency yielding almost 45% of TRS. Furthermore, this study provided evidence for the acetylation of straw components when acetic acid was used as catalyst. Alkali hydrolysis induced the de-esterification, but revealed no significant increase of TRS yields. 相似文献
7.
以菜籽油的色泽红值和叶绿素含量为考察指标,比较了凹凸棒土、活性白土、活性炭和双氧水4种脱色剂对菜籽油在中低温(40~80℃)下的脱色效果,同时考察了凹凸棒土与活性炭、活性白土与活性炭组成的复合吸附脱色剂对菜籽油的脱色效果。结果表明:活性炭在较低添加量条件下可以获得与凹凸棒土和活性白土较高添加量相当的脱色效果;活性白土-活性炭复合脱色效果优于凹凸棒土-活性炭,在添加量为2%时,80℃下可使菜籽油的叶绿素含量降低32. 5%、70℃下使菜籽油色泽红值降低30. 6%;双氧水对于去除菜籽油叶绿素和降低色泽红值效果明显,70℃下,0. 4%双氧水(10%)使菜籽油叶绿素含量降低9. 0%、0. 6%双氧水(10%)使菜籽油色泽红值降低25. 0%。活性白土-活性炭脱色和双氧水脱色后的菜籽油品质指标均达到国标四级菜籽油水平;就单位质量浓度脱色剂的脱色效果来说,双氧水的脱色效率更高。
8.
以热带假丝酵母（Candida tropicalis）HY4-17为出发菌株,采用电子束辐射技术诱变,经过初筛、复筛及遗传稳定性试验选育核酸高产菌株,通过Plackett-Burman试验、最陡爬坡试验及响应面法优化培养基,并优化接种量和发酵时间以提高核酸产量。结果表明,获得一株生长快速,遗传稳定的突变菌株EBI-21,其核酸含量较出发菌株HY4-17提高了25%。最佳培养基组成为：糖蜜185 g/L,硫酸铵3 g/L,硫酸锌0.05 g/L,硫酸镁0.5 g/L,硫酸亚铁0.05 g/L,磷酸1 mL/L,pH值为4.5。在优化培养基及接种量8%,发酵时间12 h条件下,核酸产量达到1.73 g/L,较未优化前提高了80.21%,培养时间缩短了10 h。 相似文献
9.
《Polymer》1965,6(4):213-219
The crystallization kinetics of polypropylene and polybutene have been investigated dilatometrically. The results, when analysed in terms of the Avrami equation, yield values of the Avrami exponent of 2·5 ± 0·1 and 3·13 ± 0·13 respectively. Values of 2·5 and 3 indicate the diffusion controlled growth of sporadically nucleated spherulites for polypropylene, and the constant radial growth of instantaneously nucleated spherulites for polybutene. In contrast to the behaviour of many other polymers, the exponent is here temperature independent and compatible with the simple Avrami picture. Also, dilatometry and optical microscopy show some degree of correlation. The exponent is found to be 3 ± 0·05 when polypropylene is crystallized from ‘seeds’. The temperature dependence of the Avrami rate constants is also discussed. 相似文献
10.