Naegeli茶螺烷合成方法的改进

对Naegeli报道的以β-紫罗兰酮为原料经乙酸异丙烯酯酯交换、硼氢化钠还原成逆紫罗兰醇再环化合成茶螺烷的方法进行了改进,改进后的合成方法反应副产物巨豆三烯含量从15%降至4%,反应时间明显缩短,茶螺烷的收率从75%提高至84.5%。     

武汉原状粉质黏土与其重塑土的试验对比研究（I）：试验结果描述

以武汉沙湖粉质黏土为研究对象,首先借助于高压固结仪,对重塑土和原状土进行了室内侧限的固结试验;其次利用改进的应力控制式常规三轴仪,在不同的加荷路径和排水条件下,对重塑土和原状土分别进行了常规三轴试验研究,并对试验资料进行了较为系统的分析．结果表明：1）原状土的侧压力系数约为0．56,超固结比约等于1．2,为弱超固结土体,其结构屈服压力稍大于其前期固结压力;2）原状土初始的切线模量及其抗剪强度均高于重塑土相应的值;3）在固结排水条件下的三轴剪切试验,原状土的剪胀量要小于重塑土的剪胀量,但在固结不排水条件下,原状土体的剪胀趋势却明显要高于重塑土的剪胀趋势．     

Volatiles from Ficus hispida and Their Attractiveness to Fig Wasps

Volatile compositions of receptive (ready to be pollinated), postpollinated, and postparasitized figs, and leaves of Ficus hispida were analyzed. Differences among them were examined, and the specificity of fig wasp attractiveness was investigated. Linalool was the major constituent of steam-distilled oil of either male or female receptive figs, while dibutyl phthalate was the major compound of the oils of postparasitized and postpollinated figs. In petroleum ether extracts, palmitic oil, and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid were the main constituents of male and female receptive figs, while hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester was the major compound of postparasitized and postpollinated figs. In dichloromethane extracts, linalool was the major constituent of male and female receptive figs, 1-hydroxylinalool was the major component of male postparasitized figs, and 1-hydroxylinalool and benzyl alcohol were the major constituents of female postpollinated figs. Bioassays with sticky traps showed that Ceratosolen solmsimarchal was attracted to dichloromethane extracts of male and female receptive figs and to petroleum ether extracts of female receptive figs, but was not attracted to dichloromethane and petroleum ether extracts of male postparasitized and female postpollinated figs. Figs were attractive to pollinating wasps only at the receptive stage. The volatile constituents of receptive figs were different from those of postpollinated or postparasitized figs. From a receptive to a postpollinated state, figs changed in their volatile composition. Some compounds disappeared or decreased in amount. These include linalool, linalool oxide, -terpeneol, and 2,6-dimethyl-1,7-octadiene-3,6-diol, which may act as the attractants of the wasps. Others increased in amount, or several additional chemicals appeared. These include dibutyl phthalate, 1-hydroxylinalool, and benzyl alcohol, which may be repellents of the wasps. That dichloromethane extracts of male and female receptive figs showed similar activities in attracting fig wasps indicates that receptive figs of both sexes are similarly attractive to fig wasps, which is further supported by their similar volatile composition. Leaf extract was not attractive to the wasps.     

Spore Dispersal of Fetid Lysurus mokusin by Feces of Mycophagous Insects

The ecological roles and biological mechanisms of zoochory in plants have long been foci in studies of co-evolutionary processes between plants and animals. However, the dispersal of fungal spores by animals has received comparatively little attention. In this study, the dispersal of spores of a selected fetid fungus, Lysurus mokusin, via feces of mycophagous insects was explored by: collecting volatiles emitted by the fungus using dynamic headspace extraction and analyzing them by GC-MS; testing the capacity of mycophagous insects to disperse its spores by counting spores in their feces; comparing the germinability of L. mokusin spores extracted from feces of nocturnal earwigs and natural gleba of the fungus; and assessing the ability of L. mokusin volatiles to attract insects in bioassays with synthetic scent mixtures. Numerous spores were detected in insects’ feces, the bioassays indicated that L. mokusin odor (similar to that of decaying substances) attracts diverse generalist mycophagous insects, and passage through the gut of Anisolabis maritima earwigs significantly enhanced the germination rate of L. mokusin spores. Therefore, nocturnal earwigs and diurnal flies probably play important roles in dispersal of L. mokusin spores, and dispersal via feces may be an important common dispersal mechanism for fungal reproductive tissue.     

Expression of Genes Controlling Unsaturated Fatty Acids Biosynthesis and Oil Deposition in Developing Seeds of Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.)

Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L., Euphorbiaceae) seed oil is rich in α-linolenic acid, a kind of n-3 fatty acids with many health benefits. To discover the mechanism underlying α-linolenic acid accumulation in sacha inchi seeds, preliminary research on sacha inchi seed development was carried out from one week after fertilization until maturity, focusing on phenology, oil content, and lipid profiles. The results suggested that the development of sacha inchi seeds from pollination to mature seed could be divided into three periods. In addition, investigations on the effect of temperature on sacha inchi seeds showed that total oil content decreased in the cool season, while unsaturated fatty acid and linolenic acid concentrations increased. In parallel, expression profiles of 17 unsaturated fatty acid related genes were characterized during seed development and the relationships between gene expression and lipid/unsaturated fatty acid accumulation were discussed.     

A new trihydroxy fatty acid from the ascomycete, Chinese truffle Tuber indicum

From the chloroform/methanol extract of the fruiting bodies of the ascomycete Chinese truffle Tuber indicum Cooke et Massee, a new trihydroxylated monounsaturated fatty acid (1) has been isolated. The structure of this new linoleic acid-derived metabolite was established as 9,10,11-trihydroxy-(12Z)-12-octadecenoic acid by means of spectroscopic and chemical methods. The fatty acid composition of the chloroform-soluble fraction of this fungus was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The content of the predominant unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic acids) is as high as 68%. The use of dimethyl disulfide adduct was effective in the determination of the position of the double bond, and the glycol oxidation fission reaction with sodium metaperiodate supported on silica gel was helpful in establishing the location of the trihydroxylic groups in the new fatty acid.     

茶叶儿茶素组分HPLC测定中的提取方法研究

以蒸青绿茶为材料,利用单因素试验和正交实验研究了不同提取时间、不同提取温度以及不同提取料液比例等对茶叶中儿茶素组分的影响。结果表明:当提取料液比例为1:125(g:mL)、提取温度为70℃、提取时间为30 min时,蒸馏水一次提取可以达到相对理想的提取效果,适用于常规分析实验。     

Rational Biosynthetic Engineering for Optimization of Geldanamycin Analogues

Tailor made : We report the rational biosynthesis of C15 hydroxylated non‐quinone geldanamycin analogues by site‐directed mutagenesis of the geldanamycin polyketide synthase (PKS), together with a combination of post‐PKS tailoring genes. Rational biosynthetic engineering allowed the generation of geldanamycin derivatives, such as DHQ3 illustrated in the figure, which had superior pharmacological properties in comparison to the parent compound.

     

云南面向东盟区域物流人才需求调查报告

重点调查了云南面向东盟的物流发展机遇背景下物流人才的供需状况,指出人才瓶颈是云南由“物流的末端”变为“中国面向东盟的物流桥头堡”的障碍,提出了相应的对策措施。