Application of Dispersed Particle Gel to Inhibit Surfactant Adsorption on Sand

This article highlights an efficient and cost-effective additive-dispersed particle gel (DPG) to reduce surfactant adsorption on sand. Indoor experiments were conducted to study the effect of DPG on static adsorption and dynamic adsorption of the surfactant. The static adsorption data were evaluated using different isotherm models and the Redlich–Peterson isotherm matched the best. Results showed a significant inhibition of surfactant adsorption in the presence of DPG. The dynamic adsorption of SDS on sand decreased to 0.78, 0.68 and 0.61 mg/g compared with original value of 1.17 mg/g by adding 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 wt% DPG particles, respectively. This study suggests that DPG can inhibit the adsorption of surfactant on sand effectively.     

含马钱子中成药的研究概况回顾性分析

回顾分析近30年常用含马钱子中成药的质量控制、药理及临床研究,认为此类药的研究还不够深入,有待对其进行系统规范的深入研究。     

Concept for automated computer-aided identification and evaluation of potentially non-compliant food products traded via electronic commerce

The online marketplace for food products is continually expanding and all types of food and beverages can now be purchased over the internet. It is primarily the responsibility of the food business operator to ensure compliance with food safety law. However, the competent authorities are tasked with controlling the e-food sector as part of their regulatory duties to protect consumer health and to prevent fraud, regardless of the sales channel being used. For this purpose, a new software prototype concept was developed that automatically identifies and evaluates potentially non-compliant e-food products. The prototype was developed using a modular architecture comprising a research tool, an image analysis tool, and a monitoring tool. User-defined thresholds are applied to assess the reliability of the retrieved data. Results that are not deemed reliable enough can be reworked using a computer-aided evaluation interface. The research tool utilizes both internet search engines and customized search algorithms. A multi-stage filtering process is performed to limit the sites according to defined criteria (e.g. food product merchants only). The data acquisition module stores all matching data from webpages for later analysis and preservation of evidence. In another module, automatic recognition of a site's legal notice (impressum) is carried out for the respective vendor within whose online shop a potentially non-compliant food product is being offered. The image analysis tool performs logo recognition to enrich the text-based information of websites, thus providing additional visual information. The monitoring tool performs regular automated monitoring of e-food vendors, products and ingredients. The proof of principle of the prototype was achieved by conducting a web search for hazardous food products containing synephrine and caffeine. In total, 1242 product offerings on the internet for suspicious food products were identified among the 8683 search results. The software prototype has potential to enhance consumer protection and food safety with respect to e-foods.     

Stable auto-tuning of hybrid adaptive fuzzy/neural controllers for nonlinear systems

In direct adaptive control, the adaptation mechanism attempts to adjust a parameterized nonlinear controller to approximate an ideal controller. In the indirect case, however, we approximate parts of the plant dynamics that are used by a feedback controller to cancel the system nonlinearities. In both cases, “approximators” such as linear mappings, polynomials, fuzzy systems, or neural networks can be used as either the parameterized nonlinear controller or identifier model. In this paper, we present an algorithm to tune the adaptation gain for a gradient-based hybrid update law used for a class of nonlinear continuous-time systems in both direct and indirect cases. In our proposed algorithm, the adaptation gain is obtained by minimizing the instantaneous control energy. Finally, we will demonstrate the performance of the algorithm via a wing rock regulation example.     

多维气相/气质联用法测定葡萄酒中的氨基甲酸乙酯

建立了多维气相/气质联用（MDGC/GCMS）法测定葡萄酒中氨基甲酸乙酯的检测方法。采用硅藻土固相萃取柱对葡萄酒中氨基甲酸乙酯（EC）进行提取净化,利用MDGC/GCMS对葡萄酒中EC进行检测。结果表明,葡萄酒中EC与干扰物均得到很好分离,EC在0～1 000 μg/L范围内线性关系良好（R=0.999 3）,检出限（S/N=3）为1.0 μg/L,加标回收率为82.97%～86.82%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为2.29%;方法的精密度和重复性试验RSD分别为2.42%和2.88%。表明该方法准确度高、重复性和精密度良好,适用于葡萄酒中的氨基甲酸乙酯的检测。     

原子吸收光谱法测定四季感冒片铬含量

目的测定市场上四季感冒片铬含量,为制定四季感冒片标准提供参考数据。方法采用硝酸浸泡过夜,微波消解,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定。结果线性相关系数为0.9981,加样回收率96.9%,检出限0.41 ng/mL,重复性RSD为1.6%(n=6)。结论此法可用于四季感冒片质量控制,结果表明,市场上四季感冒片铬含量潜在风险较低。     

一步式QuEChERS方法结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定牛肉中25种磺胺类药物残留

建立了一种基于一步式QuEChERS自动提取和净化的技术,结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱（high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, HPLC-MS/MS）同时检测牛肉中25种磺胺类药物残留的检测方法。样品经1%乙酸-乙腈提取,以C₁₈、PSA和无水硫酸镁为净化吸附剂,采用一步式QuEChERS自动化前处理设备提取、净化、离心,经C₁₈色谱柱进行分离,以0.2%甲酸甲醇?0.2%甲酸水（含2 mmol/L乙酸铵）为流动相梯度洗脱,ESI正离子模式扫描,多反应监测（Multi-reaction monitoring, MRM）测定,外标法定量。结果表明,所有化合物在0.1~20 μg/L的浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数不低于0.990,检出限（LOD）为0.1~3 μg/kg,定量限（LOQ）为1~10 μg/kg。在1、2和10倍LOQ三个加标浓度水平下,目标化合物的平均回收率范围为70.14%~116.93%,相对标准偏差（RSD）范围为0.95%~13.74%（n=5）。该方法简单快速、准确可靠、可用于检测牛肉中磺胺类药物的残留。     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱法测定兵器工业生产废水中14种硝基酚类物质残留浓度

为了满足环境水样中痕量硝基酚类污染物检测的要求,在硝基酚快速检测中应用Bond Elut Plexa新型固相萃取柱,建立了快速同时测定兵器工业生产环境水样中三硝基苯酚(苦味酸PA)、三硝基间苯二酚(斯蒂酚酸TNR)和三硝基均苯三酚(TNPG)等14种硝基酚的超高效液相色谱分析方法。水样样品采用固相萃取柱净化,上样5.0 m L,并最终用3.0 m L四氢呋喃洗脱,洗脱液浓缩转溶剂后采用色谱分析。选择全氟苯基色谱柱,以乙腈和乙酸铵及0.1%甲酸作为流动相,梯度洗脱,检测波长为220 nm,在优化的固相萃取前处理和液相色谱分离分析条件下,净化效果满足要求。14种硝基酚类化合物在22 min内实现完全基线分离,在0.1~20 mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.997 3~0.998 7;检出限为0.02~0.04 mg/L,回收率为82.5%~104.8%,相对标准偏差3.2%~5.7%.本方法已成功应用于生产环境水中实际样品的分析。     

不同提取方法对樱桃酒渣水溶性膳食纤维结构、理化与功能性质的影响

以樱桃酒渣为实验材料，采用酶法（纤维素酶）和酸法（柠檬酸）提取樱桃酒渣水溶性膳食纤维（water-soluble dietary fiber，SDF），通过扫描电子显微镜观察、傅里叶变换红外光谱分析、单糖组成分析、流变学特性分析、吸附性分析和体外抗氧化性分析等比较两种提取方法对SDF结构、理化与功能性质的影响。结果表明，酶法提取的SDF表面疏松、多孔，酸法提取的SDF表面光滑；两种SDF在相应波数下的吸收强度及官能团种类稍有差异，均存在碳水化合物典型吸收峰；两种SDF单糖组成相同，酶法提取的SDF单糖含量较酸法提取的SDF提高58.7%；两种SDF是假塑性非牛顿流体，表观黏度随质量浓度升高而增大，随剪切速率升高而减小；两种SDF在pH 2下对亚硝酸盐吸附性强，在pH 7下对胆固醇吸附性强，且酶法提取的SDF吸附能力较强；两种SDF都具有抗氧化活性，酶法提取SDF的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除能力、2,2’-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸阳离子自由基清除能力、总抗氧化能力高于酸法提取的SDF。结论：不同提取方法对樱桃酒渣SDF结构、理化及功能性质影响较大，酶法提取的SDF性质优于酸法，可为提高樱桃酒渣利用率及进一步挖掘营养价值提供参考。     

An immunoassay for ochratoxin A without the mycotoxin

Phage display peptide libraries allow the selection of new molecules capable of mimicking the structural and functional features of native proteins or chemicals. This technology can be applied to developing new reagents, which may serve as the surrogate of the original objects. In order to screen peptides capable of mimicking ochratoxin A (OTA) in the interaction with anti-OTA monoclonal antibody (McAb) and establish the immunoassay for OTA, an anti-OTA McAb was used as the target for panning-elution selection from a phage random seven-peptide library. After four rounds of panning, 11 phages were found to be able to mimic OTA in binding with the antibody. Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for detecting OTA was established with the phages. In the most sensitive assay, the linear range of the inhibition curve was 200–8000 pg/ml; the detection limit was 150 pg/ml. The inserted peptide sequences were deduced by DNA sequencing. The common amino acid residue sequence was IR(V)PMV(L)XX (X is any amino acid residues), which was verified by two synthesized peptides. The results demonstrated that those phage peptides could be used as the surrogate of OTA to establish the immunoassay.