A novel pre-dilution,swirling jet diffuser to enhance effluent mixing: Hydrodynamics and dilution performance

Diffusers are widely-used to quickly dilute effluents in receiving water bodies. This study proposed a novel diffuser that pre-mixes effluent with ambient water before discharging and that uses the swirling jet to further enhance near-field dilution. The nozzle of the diffuser was examined in two ambient flow conditions: co-flow and counter-flow that are commonly-met in the environment such as oceans due to tidal effect. Physical experiments were first conducted in co-flow on its dilution performance and hydrodynamics, using heated water as the effluent. A 3-D CFD model was developed and calibrated the co-flow scenarios, and then used to investigate the diffuser in counter-flow. The results showed that the nozzle can effectively reduce the maximum temperature rise of the effluent by about 50 % before discharging. The swirling jet from the outlet has a larger shear area, half-width and entrainment rate, enabling the effluent to be rapidly diluted to a minimum of around 10 times at x/D = 6 in co-flow, whereas the dilution for conventional nozzles is about 1 because of the potential core. The flow amplification ratio (α) decreases gradually with increasing velocity ratio in co-flow but increases with increasing velocity ratio in counter-flow. The counter-flow reduces the water drawn into the device; however, the pre-dilution effect at the outlet remains stable. The near-field dilution in counter-flow was significantly enhanced than that in co-flow. Environmental regulations at outfalls and mixing zones can be more easily met using this novel diffuser.     

基于ERNIE-BiGRU模型的摘要语步自动识别研究

学术文献的摘要是对文献主要内容的浓缩,摘要不同部分的语步具有不同的信息,语步的自动识别和抽取对于学术摘要的后续研究有着重要的应用价值,而目前语步识别的研究相对较少,并且相关算法的效果还需要提高。针对上述问题,该文提出了一种基于ERNIE-BiGRU模型的语步识别算法。该算法首先结合中文句法分析理论提出基于句法依存关系的多语步结构拆分法,对学术文献摘要多语步结构进行自动拆分,获得多个单语步结构;然后构建用于训练的单语步结构语料库,并利用知识增强语义表示预训练模型,训练出句子级词向量;最后将训练出的单语步结构词向量信息输入双向门限循环单元(BiGRU)进行摘要语步自动化识别,取得了良好的效果。实验结果表明,该算法具有较好的鲁棒性和较高的识别精度,在结构化和非结构化摘要上的识别准确率分别达到了96.57%和93.75%。     

基于二元水循环的水量-水质-水效联合调控模型开发与应用

为将我国最严格水资源管理制度的实践与二元水循环理论相结合，提高“三条红线”控制指标的科学性与合理性，本文以SWAT模型为基础，通过改进子流域划分方法、添加经济社会模块和人工用水模块，对其人工侧支循环模拟进行了系统的完善，开发了基于SWAT的水量-水质-水效联合调控模型SWAT_WAQER。以广西南流江流域为例，从国民经济用水量、河道径流与水质等方面对模型进行校验，并在此基础上划分了2030年“三条红线”控制指标。结果表明：该模型性能良好，能够用于不同节水情景下的国民经济用水量、污染物排放量、水功能区水质达标结果分析，可以作为科学制定“三条红线”控制指标的有力支撑工具。     

Improving the multi-objective evolutionary optimization algorithm for hydropower reservoir operations in the California Oroville–Thermalito complex

This study demonstrates the application of an improved Evolutionary optimization Algorithm (EA), titled Multi-Objective Complex Evolution Global Optimization Method with Principal Component Analysis and Crowding Distance Operator (MOSPD), for the hydropower reservoir operation of the Oroville–Thermalito Complex (OTC) – a crucial head-water resource for the California State Water Project (SWP). In the OTC's water-hydropower joint management study, the nonlinearity of hydropower generation and the reservoir's water elevation–storage relationship are explicitly formulated by polynomial function in order to closely match realistic situations and reduce linearization approximation errors. Comparison among different curve-fitting methods is conducted to understand the impact of the simplification of reservoir topography. In the optimization algorithm development, techniques of crowding distance and principal component analysis are implemented to improve the diversity and convergence of the optimal solutions towards and along the Pareto optimal set in the objective space. A comparative evaluation among the new algorithm MOSPD, the original Multi-Objective Complex Evolution Global Optimization Method (MOCOM), the Multi-Objective Differential Evolution method (MODE), the Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA), the Multi-Objective Simulated Annealing approach (MOSA), and the Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization scheme (MOPSO) is conducted using the benchmark functions. The results show that best the MOSPD algorithm demonstrated the best and most consistent performance when compared with other algorithms on the test problems. The newly developed algorithm (MOSPD) is further applied to the OTC reservoir releasing problem during the snow melting season in 1998 (wet year), 2000 (normal year) and 2001 (dry year), in which the more spreading and converged non-dominated solutions of MOSPD provide decision makers with better operational alternatives for effectively and efficiently managing the OTC reservoirs in response to the different climates, especially drought, which has become more and more severe and frequent in California.     

隔河岩水电厂现地控制单元改造

结合隔河岩水电厂现地控制单元改造工程项目，依据多年的计算机监控 系统研制开发经验，对计算机监控系统现地控制单元的结构特点、技术路线及实现方法等进 行了探讨。     

温度场有限元分析的接缝单元

目前混凝土坝的仿真分析正从单坝段仿真向全坝仿真发展,因而需要采用接缝单元,笔者给出三种温度场接缝单元的计算模型：有限厚度接缝单元、近零厚度接缝单元及简化接缝单元.     

引渤济锡海水输送工程

引渤济锡海水输送工程是内蒙古锡林郭勒盟恢复草原生态和实施以发展电力和煤化工为主体的褐煤开发战略的基础工程。该工程是从渤海引海水，通过辽宁省的葫芦岛市、朝阳市和内蒙古的赤峰市到锡林浩特，本阶段设计年输海水3．65亿甜。该工程将与锡林格勒盟地区待建的煤化工、海洋化工、生态工程形成新型的循环经济发展产业链。长距离输送海水是一个世界性的新课题。现研究了长距离海水输送的特点，提出了应对海水强腐蚀、海生物附着所引起的污损问题和输送过程中防泄漏和渗漏问题的工程措施，采用一条夹砂玻璃钢管管线结合隧洞和一座在线调节水库的输送海水方案，包括：设9座泵站，设计总扬程1147m海水水头，线路全长607km左右，其中玻璃钢管全长290km，直径3．2km，隧洞全长317km，输海水总成本为4．1元／m左右。引渤济锡海水输送工程的建立，标志着我国海水综合利用进入一个新的历史阶段，工程本身具有下述特点：输送海水流量、距离、扬程综合指标，世界第一；内径3．2m夹砂玻璃钢管是国内目前采用的最大管径的玻璃钢管。此外，引渤济锡海水输送工程的建设不仅能够促进锡林郭勒盟地区经济的持续发展，而且具有下述重大战略意义：一是通过“盐田置换”方式促进环渤海经济区建设；二是为发展制盐工业提供了新的发展模式；三是为我国开发内蒙古、新疆维吾尔自治区巨大的煤炭资源、恢复生态系统提供了一条新的思路。     

软基上超长闸底板的防裂问题研究

通过北京市北运河拦河闸土基上超长闸底板大体积混凝土的温度应力仿真计算，论证了各种温度荷载（气温年变化、气温日变化、寒潮）以及水化热、自生体积变形、干缩等几种因素对混凝土内部应力的影响，并且在此基础上掺加ZY膨胀剂，计算ZY膨胀剂带来的应力补偿作用。结果表明：寒潮和干缩是带来混凝土表面裂缝的主要因素，如果不加强养护和保湿，表面裂缝很可能向内部扩展；掺加ZY膨胀剂可以有效降低混凝土中的拉应力，对防裂有利，是实现大体积混凝土超长无缝施工的有效措施。     

山西引黄工程南干线7# 隧洞衬砌外水压力研究

本文采用综合修正系数取代规范建议的单一折减系数,用渗流场分析方法确定作用在引黄入晋南干线7#隧洞衬砌上的外水压力。由己知钻孔水位及泉水位反演出各地层的渗透张量及地表入渗强度求得初始渗流场。衬砌外水压力分析中考虑了衬砌混凝土的渗透性以及排水、灌浆等工程措施的影响。根据分析结果,提出了系统排水孔布置的建议,得出了在相应的排水减压措施下衬砌厚度由原设计35cm减至25cm,这一建议已被采用,取得了巨大经济效益。     

从含钴催化剂废料中回收氧化钴的研究

选用酸溶——沉淀化学法，对含钴催化剂废料提取氧化钴的实验研究。实验结果表明，回收氧化钴产品中含钴量71％，氧化钴的实收率85％。同时将铁回收为铁红产品（含Fe2O3≤65％），铁的实收率高达88％。其它的技术经济指标较高。这是一种工艺技术及设备可行的新途径。