水分含量对不同类型加热不燃烧卷烟化学成分的影响

为探讨水分含量对不同类型加热不燃烧卷烟化学成分的影响,以稠浆法薄片制备卷烟A和造纸法薄片制备卷烟B为研究对象,开展烟支水分与甘油、烟碱相关性研究,并进行扫描电镜和热重分析。结果表明:①烟草薄片中甘油、烟碱质量含量以干薄片中相应物质质量含量表述更准确。②烟气水分释放量、烟气粒相物重量与烟支含水量呈正比,粒相物水分含量为53.33%～65.89%。③受烟支加热温度及烟草薄片性质的影响,卷烟A烟气甘油释放量与烟支含水量呈正比,卷烟B烟气甘油释放量与烟支含水量呈反比,但两者烟气烟碱释放量均为50%湿度平衡后的烟支最高。另外,卷烟A的烟气中水分、甘油、烟碱转移率均显著高于卷烟B的。     

滤棒装盒机上料整理机构的设计与应用

为解决滤棒装盒机生产过程中存在的操作复杂、计量不准确等问题,基于伺服精密驱动技术研制了一种新型滤棒上料整理机构。该机构由侧挡板、活动式托板组成一个能容纳整盒滤棒的渐沉式储棒仓,通过两个伺服电机分别驱动托板及支架垂直移动上料,配合侧面小锤敲击振动使储棒仓内滤棒有序排列,实现了滤棒先在储棒仓内装填整理,然后整盒推进空纸盒的功能。采用新型上料整理机构对HCF80 型滤棒装盒机进行改进试验,结果表明:该机构可以精确控制滤棒整理动作,滤棒排列整齐有序。在不改变原机生产能力情况下,滤棒装支精度达(4 000±5)支/盒,优于YJ36 型滤棒装盒机的精度标准,能够满足行业生产标准要求,有效提升了滤棒产品自动化物流系统的生产效率。      

纯涤马丁织物硬挺防雨工艺

详细介绍并比较了纯涤马丁硬挺防雨漂色布的生产工艺，包括翻缝、烧毛，三种退浆、漂白工艺，定形，浅米色、中深色布的染色流程和处方，以及硬挺防雨整理，并对生产中的工艺操作作了说明。实践证明，经此工艺处理漂布及色布的质量指标较好。     

Identification of the Zn Substitution Sites in La–Zn Substituted SrAl12O19 from 27Al Solid‐State NMR Studies

The La–Zn substituted hexagonal strontium aluminate, Sr_1?xLa_xAl_12?xZn_xO₁₉, with the magnetoplumbite structure and having five different coordination environments for Al with different symmetries, is investigated using ²⁷Al solid‐state NMR to get detailed information on the sites of substitution of Zn and the associated changes in the local coordination environments of Al. The objective of the study was to get information on the local structural variations in the isostructural La–Co substituted strontium ferrite, Sr_1?xLa_xFe_12?xCo_xO₁₉, showing enhanced magnetic performance on substitution. The NMR studies on the aluminate give direct evidence for the sites of substitution and the changes in the local coordination environments. It is found that Zn is substituted at the 2a and 4f₂ AlO₆ octahedral sites. However, an interesting observation from the NMR studies is the stabilization of the Al site occupancy at the penta‐coordinated 2b site over the distorted tetrahedral 4eAl site, without any substitution at these sites. Large changes in the quadrupolar coupling constant of the 2a and 4e sites are observed between x = 0.2 and 0.3, corresponding to the compositional region showing higher performance in the case of Sr_1?xLa_xFe_12?xCo_xO₁₉, indicating the role of distortion of local coordination environments on suitable substitution in controlling the performance parameters.     

Dynamic model of counter flow air to air heat exchanger for comfort ventilation with condensation and frost formation

In cold climates heat recovery in the ventilation system is essential to reduce heating energy demand. Condensation and freezing occur often in efficient heat exchangers used in cold climates. To develop efficient heat exchangers and defrosting strategies for cold climates, heat and mass transfer must be calculated under conditions with condensation and freezing. This article presents a dynamic model of a counter flow air to air heat exchanger taking into account condensation and freezing and melting of ice. The model is implemented in Simulink and results are compared to measurements on a prototype heat exchanger for cold climates.     

细支醋酸纤维滤棒硬度影响因素研究

为探讨细支醋酸纤维滤棒(简称:细支滤棒)硬度变化规律,提高细支滤棒产品质量,分别对三乙酸甘油酯施加量、三乙酸甘油酯温度、滤棒自然固化时间、丝束填充量、成型纸透气度、滤棒圆周和压降等因素对细支滤棒硬度的影响进行研究。结果表明:自然固化1d时,三乙酸甘油酯含量对细支与粗支滤棒硬度的影响规律一致。自然固化2～5d时,在三乙酸甘油酯含量5%～23%范围内,随三乙酸甘油酯含量的增加,细支滤棒的硬度不断提升。自然固化前5d,细支滤棒硬度快速上升,5～30d时硬度上升放缓。三乙酸甘油酯温度和细支滤棒硬度均值及稳定性无相关性。随着丝束填充量增加,细支滤棒硬度上升。细支滤棒硬度随成型纸透气度的加大而上升。细支滤棒圆周与硬度呈负相关,细支滤棒压降与硬度呈正相关。     

Morphometric analysis of face in dysmorphology

Dysmorphology refers to study of human congenital malformations (birth defects). Most of the case reporting in dysmorphology is subjective and is based on experience of the reporting clinician. We have used the methods of geometric morphometrics to analyze the variation in faces of normal individuals and those with dysmorphic syndrome. We obtained photographs of 20 individuals with Rubinstein Taybi syndrome and 30 normal, age and sex matched individuals. The photographs were digitized with 16 landmarks on the face to obtain 32 "x" and "y" co-ordinates. These co-ordinates were then subjected to generalized procrustes superimposition in order to normalize for effects of size, rotation and position of image. The procrustes residuals thus obtained were then subjected to principal component analysis. The principal component analysis resulted in extraction of three important principal components explaining 41%, 17% and 14% of variance, respectively. Discriminant analysis could differentiate the two groups using first two principal component scores for each individual, with a predictive accuracy of 76% (Wilks lambda=0.725, chi2=15.09, d.f.=2, p=0.001). Binary logistic regression analysis showed predictive accuracy of 78% based on this model. The utility of the subjective evaluation of facial characteristics is multifold. The results of the analysis can be used as representatives of the facial dysmorphism for any genotype-phenotype association study. We conclude that application of the principles of geometric morphometrics to study of shape variation in facies of patients with dysmorphic syndromes appears to be a promising new area of research.     

C15型抽凝机组技术改造

介绍了南通观音山环保热电有限公司一台南京汽轮电机集团公司产C15-4.9/0.981型抽凝式供热机组改造为CB10-4.9/0.981/0.08型抽背式供热机组的技术方案,并结合具体生产特点对该机组热力系统进行了改造与完善工作,同时对设备改造前后的运行工况进行了对比和节能量的分析计算。通过实践证明该改造方案不仅消除了汽机冷源损失,达到节能减排的效果,而且还大幅降低了供电成本,为企业创造了较大利润。     

8种中心电加热卷烟烟气释放特性分析

目的：探寻中心电加热卷烟烟气释放特性的共同点及差异性。方法：采用气相色谱分析了7款国产境外上市电加热卷烟（卷烟A-G）和1款市售国外电加热卷烟（卷烟H）主流烟气总释放量、逐口释放量及其释放稳定性,并对可能影响其稳定性的退丝率因素进行了探讨。结果：① 卷烟H主流烟气中烟碱、甘油转移率均最低;② 卷烟H烟气释放稳定性最高;③ 中心电加热卷烟烟气逐口释放量均随抽吸口序的增加整体呈先上升后逐渐下降趋势,中间略有波动,与传统卷烟在ISO模式下逐口释放规律有所区别;④ 烟支在插入中心加热烟具时产生的退丝现象对卷烟烟气释放稳定性有不利影响。结论：减少中心电加热卷烟的退丝现象可以提高烟气释放稳定性。